ti-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ti"

Languages (14)

Chichewa • Classical Nahuatl • Esperanto • Old Saxon • Phuthi • Pipil • Swazi • Taos • Tooro • Tumbuka • Uneapa • Wailaki • West Makian • Ye'kwana

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Page categories

Chichewa

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ti/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-

Prefix

ti-

1. 1st person plural subject concord, we.

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-

Prefix

ti-

1. Class 13 noun prefix, used with a diminutive or depreciative meaning.

Derived terms

• tianá
• timabúku
• timidzi
• tinungú

Etymology 3

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *tʊ́-

Prefix

ti-

1. Class 13 subject concord.

Classical Nahuatl

Alternative forms

• t- (before vowels)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ti/ (before consonants)
• IPA^(key): /t/ (before vowels)

Prefix

ti-

1. Subject prefix for verbs; indicates that the subject is first person plural: we.
2. Subject prefix for verbs; indicates that the subject is second person singular: you; thou.

Usage notes

• If used to denote the (first person) plural, then the prefixed verb should also be suffixed with -h.

Related terms

• tech-
• to-

Esperanto

Etymology

Demonstratives of European languages in t, such as English (this, that, there, thus, then), French (tel, tant), Polish (ten), Russian (те, то, так, там, такой, тогда). Note also German (dies, den).

Prefix

ti-

1. this-, that-. (Demonstrative correlative prefix.)

Usage notes

By itself, the ti- words do not specify distance, as is the case with French ce. However, the absence of the particle ĉi, which indicates proximity, may suggest greater distance than ĉi would be used for. That is, tiu ĉi (this one) is equivalent to French celui-ci, while tiu (that one) is equivalent to both celui and celui-là. Occasionally the particle for is used (tiu for) for celui-là.

Derived terms

• tia (“such (a)”)
• tial (“for that reason, therefore”)
• tiam (“then”)
• tie (“that place, there”)
• tiel (“thus, that way”)
• ties (“that one's, those ones”)
• tio (“that (without a noun)”) (plural tioj (“those”))
• tiom (“that much”)
• tiu (“that one, that/those (with a noun)”) (plural tiuj (“those ones”))

Old Saxon

Prefix

ti-

1. alternative form of te-

Phuthi

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *jí-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *bì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.

Prefix

ti-

1. Class 8 noun prefix.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *jí-. Originally the prefix of class 10, it replaced the class 8 prefix as well.

Prefix

ti-

1. they; class 8 subject concord.
2. them; class 8 object concord.
3. they; class 10 subject concord.
4. them; class 10 object concord.

Etymology 3

From Proto-Nguni [Term?].

Prefix

ti-

1. Class 10 noun prefix.

Pipil

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): /ti/

Prefix

ti-

1. (personal) you, second-person singular subject marker.

   Te tiweli tipanu

   you cannot pass

2. (personal) we, first-person plural subject marker.

   Tiknekit tikwat et

   We want to eat beans

See also

Pipil verb subject markers

			singular	plural
1st person			ni-	ti-
2nd person			ti- (shi-)	an- (shi-)
3rd person			-	-

• taja (personal pronoun)
• metz- (object marker)
• tejemet (personal pronoun)
• tech- (object marker)
• -t (plural verb suffix)

Swazi

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *jí-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *bì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.

Prefix

ti-

1. Class 8 noun prefix.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *jí-. Originally the prefix of class 10, it replaced the class 8 prefix as well.

Prefix

ti-

1. they; class 8 subject concord.
2. them; class 8 object concord.
3. they; class 10 subject concord.
4. them; class 10 object concord.

Taos

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ti/

Prefix

ti-

1. (transitive) First person singular subject + third person singular object.

Tooro

Alternative forms

• (before vowels) t-

Etymology

Potential cognate with Chichewa si- (“negative prefix”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ti/

Prefix

ti-

1. negative marker

Usage notes

-ta- is used for negative relative, negative infinitive, negative subjunctive and negative remote past constructions. Other negative constructions use ti-.

References

• Kaji, Shigeki (2007), A Rutooro Vocabulary‎^[1], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 315

Tumbuka

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-

Prefix

ti-

1. 1st person plural subject concord, we.

Uneapa

Etymology

From earlier *tina- via haplology from *tina-na > ti-na, from Proto-Oceanic *tina, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tina, from Proto-Austronesian *ta-ina, from *ina.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ti/

Noun

ti-

1. mother

Further reading

• Terry Crowley et al, The Oceanic Languages (2013), page 366
• Johnston, R.L. 1982. "Proto-Kimbe and the New Guinea Oceanic hypothesis". In Halim, A., Carrington, L. and Wurm, S.A. editors. Papers from the Third International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics, Vol. 1: Currents in Oceanic, 59-95.

Wailaki

Prefix

ti-

1. A distributive prefix, indicating that the action of the verb is distributed across multiple objects or locations.

Usage notes

• Realized as tee- in the perfective

References

• Begay, Kayla Rae (2017), Wailaki Grammar, University of California, Berkeley, page 187

West Makian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t̪i/

Pronoun

ti-

1. first-person singular possessive prefix, my

See also

West Makian personal pronouns

		independent	possessive prefix
1st person singular		de	ti
2nd person singular		ni	ni
3rd person singular		me	mVan., dVinan.
1st person plural	inclusive	ene	nV
	exclusive	imi	mi
2nd person plural		ini	fi
3rd person plural		eme	di

V indicates the expected assimilated vowel of the following noun,
following standard West Makian vowel harmony.

References

• Clemens Voorhoeve (1982), The Makian languages and their neighbours‎^[2], Pacific linguistics

Ye'kwana

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ti-]

Prefix

ti-

1. Allomorph of t- used for stems that begin with a consonant other than w and have a first vowel i.

Inflection

Ye'kwana personal markers

	pronoun	noun possessor/ series II verb argument		postposition object		series I verb argument
						transitive patient	intransitive patient-like		intransitive agent-like	transitive agent
first person	ewü	y-, ∅-, ü-, u-1						w-, wi-
first person dual inclusive	küwü	k-, kü-, ku-, ki-								k-, kii-, ki-1
second person	amödö	ö-, öy-/ödh-, o-, oy-/odh-, a-, ay-/adh-							m-, mi-
first person dual exclusive	nña	y-/dh-, ch-, ∅-, i-1			chö-	∅-	n-, ni-
third person	tüwü					n-, ni-
distant past third person		—				kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini-
coreferential/reflexive	—	t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te-				—
reciprocal	—	—	öö-
With following vowel lengthened if in an unreduced open syllable.

	series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient
first person > second person	mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni-
first person dual exclusive > second person
second person > first person	k-, kü-, ku-, ki-
second person > first person dual exclusive
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person	see person X in the chart above