است

See also: اسبنذ and اسپ

Arabic

Alternative forms

• سَتَه (satah), سَه (sah), سَت (sat)

Etymology

Unclear.

Conceivably from Proto-Semitic *ʔišd- (“backside, lower leg, base, foundation”), and related to Classical Syriac ܐܫܬܐ (eštā, “base, bottom, buttocks”), Ugaritic 𐎌𐎚 (št), Hebrew שֵׁת (šēṯ), and Akkadian 𒁼 (išdum, “base, foundation, root”), then related to Arabic أُسّ (ʔuss) and أَسَاس (ʔasās), both meaning base or foundation.

Noun

اِسْت • (ist) m (plural أَسْتَاه (ʔastāh))

1. rump; buttocks

   Synonyms: عَجُز (ʕajuz), دُبْر (dubr), مُؤَخِّرَة (muʔaḵḵira), أَلْيَة (ʔalya)

   1. anus

      Synonyms: شَرَج (šaraj), فَقْحَة (faqḥa), عَزَقة (ʕazaqa)

2. first, beginning, foundation

   اِسْتُ الدَّهْرِ ― istu ad-dahri ― the beginning of time

Declension

Declension of noun اِسْت (ist)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	اِسْت ist	الِاسْت al-ist	اِسْت ist
nominative	اِسْتٌ istun	الِاسْتُ al-istu	اِسْتُ istu
accusative	اِسْتًا istan	الِاسْتَ al-ista	اِسْتَ ista
genitive	اِسْتٍ istin	الِاسْتِ al-isti	اِسْتِ isti
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	اِسْتَيْن istayn	الِاسْتَيْن al-istayn	اِسْتَيْ istay
nominative	اِسْتَانِ istāni	الِاسْتَانِ al-istāni	اِسْتَا istā
accusative	اِسْتَيْنِ istayni	الِاسْتَيْنِ al-istayni	اِسْتَيْ istay
genitive	اِسْتَيْنِ istayni	الِاسْتَيْنِ al-istayni	اِسْتَيْ istay
plural	basic broken plural triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	أَسْتَاه ʔastāh	الْأَسْتَاه al-ʔastāh	أَسْتَاه ʔastāh
nominative	أَسْتَاهٌ ʔastāhun	الْأَسْتَاهُ al-ʔastāhu	أَسْتَاهُ ʔastāhu
accusative	أَسْتَاهًا ʔastāhan	الْأَسْتَاهَ al-ʔastāha	أَسْتَاهَ ʔastāha
genitive	أَسْتَاهٍ ʔastāhin	الْأَسْتَاهِ al-ʔastāhi	أَسْتَاهِ ʔastāhi

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:است.

Brahui

Alternative forms

• ہُسْت (hust)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Dravidian *ucV-. Cognate with Kurukh उज्जना (ujjanā)

Pronunciation

• (North) IPA^(key): /hust/
• (South) IPA^(key): /ʔust/

Noun

اُسْتْ (ust)

1. heart

   Synonym: زِرْدْ (zird)

Further reading

• Burrow, T.; Emeneau, M. B. (1984), “5393”, in A Dravidian etymological dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN.

Khalaj

Postposition

اَست (ast)

1. Arabic spelling of ast (“under, below”)

Noun

اَست (ast) (definite accusative اَستؽ, plural اَستلار)

1. Arabic spelling of ast (“underside”)

Declension

Declension of است

	singular	plural
nominative	است	استلار
genitive	استؽݧ	استلارؽݧ
dative	استقا	استلارقا
definite accusative	استؽ	استلارؽ
locative	استچا	استلارچا
ablative	استدا	استلاردا
instrumental	استلا	استلارلا
equative	استوارا	استلاروارا

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian 𐭠𐭩𐭲𐭩 (ast), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎡𐎹 (astiy), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈʔast/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔäst̪]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔäst̪]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔäs]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔäst̪]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔæst̪ʰ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔäst̪]

Readings
Classical reading?	ast
Dari reading?	ast
Iranian reading?	ast
Tajik reading?	ast

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Verb

است • (ast)

1. third-person singular present of بودن (budan, “to be”); is

   Synonym: (Iranian Persian) هست (hast)

   Antonym: نیست (nist)

Etymology 2

From Middle Persian 𐫀𐫘𐫤 (ʾst /⁠ast⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *HástH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HástʰH, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁. Cognate with Northern Kurdish hestî, Avestan 𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬌- (asti-), Sanskrit अस्थि (asthi), Latin os, Ancient Greek ὀστέον (ostéon), Armenian ոսկոր (oskor).

Noun

است • (ast)

1. (rare) bone

Related terms

• پیلسته (pilaste, “ivory”)

See also

• استخوان (ostoxân)