Academia.eduAcademia.edu

Outline

Howling about the Land: Religion, Social Space, and Wolf Reintroduction in the Southwestern United States

Abstract

During the latter decades of the twentieth century, public perceptions of wolves in the United States shifted dramatically, making wolves the most recognizable wilderness icon in North America. This iconic status has not been without controversy. In the southwestern United States, the battles over who has the right to decide if, when, and where Mexican gray wolves (the most endangered subspecies of gray wolves) can be reintroduced have been especially contentious, particularly in terms of what constitutes appropriate land use and management. I investigated the iconographic significance of wolves, asked why wolves are a species of religious importance, and attended to the ways in which wolf reintroductions highlight deeply conflicting systems of value.

Key takeaways
sparkles

AI

  1. Wolf reintroduction in the Southwest reflects conflicting values regarding land use and management.
  2. Wolves symbolize both wilderness and the tension between human and nonhuman relationships.
  3. The Mexican wolf population was reduced to nearly extinction by 1940, now recovering since 1998.
  4. Religious and cultural narratives shape public perception and attitudes toward wolves.
  5. Government management often prioritizes ecological balance over individual wolves' welfare in reintroduction efforts.

References (366)

  1. -1 "Wolf Country" signage in Upper Blue Campground, Apache National Forest, Arizona. (Photograph by Gavin Van Horn) .......................................................................43 2-1 Plaque, South Italian (perhaps Benevento), 975-1000, Plaque with Agnus Dei on a Cross between Emblems of the Four Evangelists. .............................................................91
  2. 2-2 Francisco de Zurbarán (1598-1664), Agnus Dei (Lamb of God), ca. 1636-1640. .............92
  3. 2-3 The Good Shepherd. Detail of an early Christian sarcophagus, S. Francesco, Urbino, Italy. ...................................................................................................................................92
  4. 2-4 The Good Shepherd, Mt. Pleasant Methodist Church, Gainesville, FL. ............................93
  5. 2-5 Edward Hicks, Peaceable Kingdom, ca. 1848. ..................................................................93
  6. 3-1 Marie Buchfink, We Are All One Family, 1982. ..............................................................129
  7. 3-2 Tracy Ane Brooks, Cyndar, 1992. ...................................................................................129
  8. 3-3 Asanté Riverwind, Winter Wolf. ......................................................................................130
  9. 3-4 Sue Coleman, C-361. .......................................................................................................130
  10. 3-5 Photograph by George Andrejko, Arizona Game and Fish Department. ........................131
  11. 3-6 Predator Control Exhibit, U.S. Biological Survey, 1926. ................................................131
  12. 3-7 Animal Carcasses on Car, between 1919 and 1929? .......................................................132
  13. 3-8 "As Wolves Die, So Does Freedom." ..............................................................................132
  14. 3-9 "Do You Understand What We're Losing?" ...................................................................133
  15. 3-10 Brush Wolf (artist), in Earth First! 8/5 ............................................................................133 3-11 TWASHMAN (artist), in Earth First! 10/2. ....................................................................134 3-12 Tracy Ane Brooks (artist), poster for purchase in the Mission:Wolf gift shop, ..............134
  16. 3-13 Defenders of Wildlife logo. .............................................................................................135 3-14
  17. Tracy Ane Brooks, Tootin Tooth, 1993. Greeting card; available at Mission:Wolf. .......135 3-15 Center for Biological Diversity, "Last Chance for Southwest Wolves and Wilderness" ......................................................................................................................136
  18. 8 For the impacts of livestock, see Starrs (1998), and Robinson (2005a); for a decidedly anti-ranching view, see Jacobs (1992). On how railroads and the invention of refrigeration moved the Southwest from more locally scaled production into the realm of national and international markets, see Truett (1997). For water reclamation and its impacts on the Southwest, see Worster (1985), Reisner (1993), Kenney (1997); and for damming projects on the Colorado River see Martin (1989), Farmer (1999), and McCulley (2001). "MW SOP 13. Control of Mexican Wolves." Mexican Wolf Blue Range Reintroduction Project. October 10. Arizona Game and Fish Department. Phoenix, AZ. http://www.azgfd.com/w_c/wolf/documents/ MWSOP13.ControlofMexicanWolves.Final. 20051010_001.pdf. Accessed May 2008. Adaptive Management Working Group 2007 "Final Summary Notes for Meeting of January 27, 2007." 27 January 2007 Meeting Minutes. Arizona Game and Fish Department. Phoenix, AZ. http://www.azgfd.com/w_c/wolf/documents/ MWAMWGSummaryNotesforMeetingof20070127.Final.pdf. Accessed March 2008.
  19. Albanese, Catherine L. 1990 Nature Religion in America: From the Algonkian Indians to the New Age. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  20. 2002 America: Religion and Religions. 3rd ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company.
  21. Ames, Norma [1982] 2005 "Mexican Wolf Recovery Plan (Excerpts)." In El Lobo: Readings on the Mexican Gray Wolf, edited by Tom Lynch, 107-129. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
  22. Anderson, Gary Clayton 1999 The Indian Southwest, 1580-1830: Ethnogenesis and Reinvention. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
  23. Anderson, Virginia DeJohn 2004 Creatures of Empire: How Domestic Animals Transformed Early America. New York: Oxford University Press.
  24. Arhem, Kaj 1996 "The Cosmic Food Web." In Nature and Society: Anthropological Perspectives, ed. by Phillipe Descola and Gísli Pálsson. London: Routledge. Associated Press 2007 "Alaska Biologist Certain Wolves Killed Canadian" Anchorage Daily News, November 21. http://www.adn.com/wildlife/v- printer/story/211370.html. Accessed August 2008. 2008 "Second Suit Filed to Stop Mexican Wolf Removal in Southwest." KRQE News 13 (Albuquerque, NM). May 2. WorldNow and KRQE. http://www.krqe.com/Global/story.asp?S=8263228. Accessed August 2008. Atkinson, Jane Monnig 1992 "Shamanisms Today." Annual Review of Anthropology 21: 307-330.
  25. Atran, Scott 2002 In God's We Trust: The Evolutionary Landscape of Religion. New York: Oxford Press.
  26. Aumack, Ethan 2005 "Voices of the Southwest." International Wolf 15/3: 12.
  27. Babbitt, Bruce 1995 "Foreword." In War against the Wolf: America's Campaign to Exterminate the Wolf, ed. by Rick McIntyre, 9-10. Stillwater, MN: Voyageur Press.
  28. Bailey, Vernon [1907] 1995 "Wolves in Relation to Stock, Game, and the National Forest Reserves." In War against the Wolf: America's Campaign to Exterminate the Wolf, ed. by Rick McIntyre, 149-58. Stillwater, MN: Voyageur Press.
  29. Baird, Thomas J. 2005 "Targeted Female Wolf Has Pups." Silver City Sun-News, 17 May, 1A, 7A.
  30. Baker, Steve 2001 Picturing the Beast: Animals, Identity, and Representation. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
  31. Bakken, Peter W. 2005 "Stewardship." In Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature, ed. by Bron Taylor, 1598-99. New York and London: Continuum.
  32. Baldick, Julian 2000 Animal and Shaman: Ancient Religions of Central Asia. New York: New York University Press.
  33. Bangs, Ed 1995 "Wolf Hysteria: Reintroducing Wolves to the West." In War against the Wolf: America's Campaign to Exterminate the Wolf, ed. by Rick McIntyre, 397-410. Stillwater, MN: Voyageur Press.
  34. Banks, Leo W. 2003 "Howling Mad." Tucson Weekly, August 14.
  35. Bass, Rick 1992 The Ninemile Wolves. Livingston, MT: Clark City Press.
  36. 1998 The New Wolves: The Return of the Mexican Wolf to the American Southwest. New York: The Lyons Press.
  37. Baxter, Ron 1998 Bestiaries and Their Users in the Middle Ages. London: Alan Sutton Publishing. Bednarz, J.A. 1988 "The Mexican Wolf: Biology, History, and Prospects for Reestablishment in New Mexico." Endangered Species Report 18.
  38. Bekoff, Marc 2002 Minding Animals: Awareness, Emotions, and Heart. New York: Oxford University Press.
  39. Berkes, Fikret 1999 Sacred Ecology: Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Resource Management. Philadelphia: Taylor & Francis.
  40. Berry, Thomas 2006 "Loneliness and Presence." In A Communion of Subjects: Animals in Religion, Science and Ethics, ed. by Paul Waldau and Kimberley Patton, 5-10. New York: Columbia University.
  41. Birch, Charles, and John Cobb 1981 The Liberation of Life: From the Cell to the Community. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  42. Bird-David, Nurit 1999 "'Animism' Revisited: Personhood, Environment, and Relational Epistemology." Current Anthropology 40: 67-91.
  43. Bogan, M.A., and P. Melhop 1980 Systematic Relationships of Gray Wolves (Canis lupus) in Southwestern North America. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico. Boggs, Johnny D. [1999] 2005 "Living with Wolves." In El Lobo: Readings on the Mexican Gray Wolf, ed. by Tom Lynch, 203-206. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press. Boitani, Luigi 2003 "Wolf Conservation and Recovery." In Wolves: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation, ed. by L. David Mech and Luigi Boitani, 317-340. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  44. Bolle, Kees W. 2005 "Myth: An Overview." In Encyclopedia of Religion, ed. by Lindsay Jones, 6359-71. Farmington Hills, MI: Thomson Gale.
  45. Bowden, Charles [1992] 1995 "Lonesome Lobo." In War against the Wolf: America's Campaign to Exterminate the Wolf, ed. by Rick McIntyre, 421-433. Stillwater, MN: Voyageur Press.
  46. Bratton, Susan Power 1993 Christianity, Wilderness, and Wildlife: The Original Desert Solitaire. Chicago: University of Scranton Press.
  47. 2008 Environmental Values in Christian Art. Albany: State University of New York Press.
  48. Brown, David E. [1992] 2005 "A Tale of Two Wolves." In El Lobo: Readings on the Mexican Gray Wolf, ed. by Tom Lynch, 138-142. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press. Brown, David E., ed. [1983] 2002
  49. The Wolf in the Southwest: The Making of an Endangered Species. Silver City, NM: High-Lonesome Books.
  50. Browne-Nuñez, C., and J.G. Taylor, eds. 2002 Americans' Attitudes toward Wolves and Wolf Reintroduction: An Annotated Bibliography, Information Technology Report USGS/BRD/ITR 2002-0002. Denver, CO: U.S. Government Printing Office.
  51. Budd, Bob 2002 "Colors and Words." In Ranching West of the 100 th Meridian: Culture, Ecology, and Economics, ed. by Richard L. Knight, Wendell C. Gilgert, and Ed Marston, 37-46. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.
  52. Burbank, James 1990 Vanishing Lobo: The Mexican Wolf and the Southwest. Boulder, CO: Johnson Books.
  53. Burghardt, Gordon M., and Harold A. Herzog, Jr. 1989 "Animals, Evolution, and Ethics." In Perceptions of Animals in American Culture, ed. by R.J. Hoage, 129-51. Washington, D.C. and London: Smithsonian Institution Press.
  54. Burt, Jonathan 2002 Animals in Film. London: Reaktion Books Ltd.
  55. Busch, Robert H. 1998 The Wolf Almanac. Guilford, CT: The Lyons Press.
  56. Cabeza de Vaca, Álvar Núñez 1983 Cabeza de Vaca's Adventures in the Unknown Interior of America. Trans. and annotated by Cyclone Covey. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
  57. Callicott, J. Baird 1989a "Animal Liberation: A Triangular Affair." In In Defense of the Land Ethic: Essays in Environmental Philosophy, ed. by J. B. Callicott, 15- 38. Albany: State University of New York Press. 1989b "Animal Liberation and Environmental Ethics: Back Together Again." In In Defense of the Land Ethic: Essays in Environmental Philosophy, ed. by J. B. Callicott, 49-59. Albany: State University of New York Press. 1989c "Review of Tom Regan, The Case for Animal Rights." In In Defense of the Land Ethic: Essays in Environmental Philosophy, ed. by J. B. Callicott, 39-47. Albany: State University of New York Press.
  58. 1994 Earth's Insights: Multicultural Environmental Ethics from the Mediterranean Basin to the Australian Outback. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2001 "The Land Ethic." In A Companion to Environmental Philosophy, ed. by Dale Jamieson, 204-217. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
  59. Callicott, J. Baird, and Michael P. Nelson. 2003 American Indian Environmental Ethics: An Ojibwa Case Study. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
  60. Callicott, J. Baird, and Michael P. Nelson, eds. 1998 The Great New Wilderness Debate: An Expansive Collection of Writings Defining Wilderness from John Muir to Gary Snyder. Athens: University of Georgia Press.
  61. Campbell, SueEllen 2005 "Looking for Wolves." In Comeback Wolves: Western Writers Welcome the Wolf Home, ed. by Gary Wockner, Gregory McNamee, and SueEllen Campbell, 5-12. Boulder, CO: Johnson Books.
  62. Capra, Stephen 2007 "Keeping the Wild Spirit of the Gila: Demanding Justice for the Wolf." New Mexico Wild! 9/1: 8-9.
  63. Chapple, Christopher 1993 Nonviolence to Animals, Earth, and Self in Asian Traditions. Albany: State University of New York Press.
  64. Cheney, Jim, and Anthony Weston 1999 "Environmental Ethics as Environmental Etiquette: Toward an Ethics-Based Epistemology." Environmental Ethics 21: 115-134.
  65. Chidester, David 1996 Savage Systems: Colonialism and Comparative Religion in Southern Africa. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.
  66. 2005a Authentic Fakes: Religion and American Popular Culture. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2005b "Animism." In Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature, ed. by Bron Taylor, 78-81. New York and London: Continuum.
  67. Chidester, David, and Edward Linenthal, eds. 1995 American Sacred Space. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  68. Chryssavgis, John 2000 "The World of the Icon and Creation: An Orthodox Perspective on Eoclogy and Pneumatology." In Christianity and Ecology: Seeking the Well-Being of Earth and Humans, ed. by Dieter T. Hessel and Rosemary Radford Ruether, 83-96. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  69. Clark, Ira G. 1987 Water in New Mexico: A History of Its Management and Use. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
  70. Clark, Tim W., and Murray B. Rutherford 2005 "Coexisting with Large Carnivores: Orienting to the Problems." In Coexisting with Large Carnivores: Lessons from Greater Yellowstone, ed. by Tim W. Clark, Murray B. Rutherford, and Denise Casey, 3-27. Washington D.C./Covelo, CA: Island Press.
  71. Clifford, Hal 2005 "Saved by Wolves." In Comeback Wolves: Western Writers Welcome the Wolf Home, ed. by Gary Wockner, Gregory McNamee, and SueEllen Campbell, 190-194. Boulder, CO: Johnson Books.
  72. Coleman, Jon T. 2004 Vicious: Wolves and Men in America. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
  73. Corbin, Ben [1900] 1995 "Corbin's Advice or the Wolf Hunter's Guide." In War against the Wolf: America's Campaign to Exterminate the Wolf, ed. by R. McIntyre, 123-129. Stillwater, MN: Voyageur Press.
  74. Coronado, Rod 2005 "Howling like a Wild Wolf." Earth First! 26/1: 40-42.
  75. Cronon, William 1983 Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England. New York: Hill and Wang. 1992 "A Place for Stories: Nature, History, and Narrative." The Journal of American History 78/4: 1347-76. 1995 "The Trouble with Wilderness; or, Getting Back to the Wrong Nature." In Uncommon Ground: Toward Reinventing Nature, ed. by William Cronon. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
  76. Crosby, Jr., Alfred W. 1972 The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
  77. Curtis, E.S.
  78. 1970. "The Cheyenne." In The North American Indian, ed. by Frederick Hodge. New York: Johnson Reprint.
  79. Darwin, Charles [1871] 1981
  80. The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  81. Davis, Tony 1996 "Catron County's Politics Heat Up as Its Land Goes Bankrupt." High Country News, June 24. http://www.hcn.org/servlets/hcn.PrintableArticle?article_id=1920. Accessed June 2008.
  82. Deloria, Philip J. 1998 Playing Indian. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  83. Deloria, Vine, Jr. 1994 God Is Red: A Native View of Religion. 2 nd ed. Golden, Colorado: Fulcrum. Descola, Philippe. 1996 "Constructing Natures: Symbolic Ecology and Social Practice." In Nature and Society: Anthropological Perspectives, ed. by Philippe Descola and Gísli Pálsson. London: Routledge.
  84. Descola, Philippe, and Gísli Pálsson, eds. 1996 Nature and Society: Anthropological Perspectives. London: Routledge.
  85. DeWitt, Calvin B. 2000 "Behemoth and Batrachians in the Eye of God: Responsibility to Other Kinds in Biblical Perspective." In Christianity and Ecology: Seeking the Well-Being of Earth and Humans, ed. by Dieter T. Hessel and Rosemary Radford Ruether, 291-316. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 2005 "Biblical Foundations for Christian Stewardship." In Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature, ed. by Bron Taylor, 173-74. New York and London: Continuum.
  86. Diamond, Jared 1999 Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. New York and London: W.W. Norton & Company. 2005 Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed. New York: Viking. Dizard, Jan E. 2001 "In Wolves' Clothing: Restoration and the Challenge to Stewardship." In Wolves and Human Communities: Biology, Politics, and Ethics, ed. by Virginia A. Sharpe, Bryan G. Norton, and Strachan Donnelley, 75-92. Washington D.C./Covelo, CA: Island Press.
  87. Dollar, Tom [2002] 2005 "The Mexican Wolf." In El Lobo: Readings on the Mexican Gray Wolf, ed. by Tom Lynch, 228-235. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press. Donnelley, Strachan 2001 "Leopold's Wildness: Can Humans and Wolves Be at Home in the Adirondacks?" In Wolves and Human Communities: Biology, Politics, and Ethics, ed. by Virginia A. Sharpe, Bryan G. Norton, and Strachan Donnelley, 191-197. Washington D.C./Covelo, CA: Island Press. Doremus, Holly 1998 "Private Property Interests, Wildlife Restoration, and Competing Visions of a Western Eden." In Reclaiming the Native Home of Hope: Community, Ecology, and the American West, ed. by Robert B. Keiter, 78-86. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
  88. Dougherty, John 2007 "Nowhere to Hide." High Country News 39/24 (December 24): 10- 17. 2008 "Agency Probes Wolf-Baiting Claims." High Country News, March 6. http://www.hcn.org/servlets/hcn.Article?article_id=17568. Accessed June 2008.
  89. Douglas, Mary [1966] 2002 Purity and Danger: An Analysis of Concept of Pollution and Taboo. New York: Routledge Classics.
  90. 1984 Implicit Meanings: Essays in Anthropology. London and Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
  91. Duda, M.D., and K.C. Young 1995 New Mexico Residents' Opinions toward Mexican Wolf Reintroduction. Contract Report for League of Women Voters of New Mexico. Harrisonburg, VA: Responsive Management.
  92. DuMars, Charles T., Marilyn O'Leary, and Albert E. Utton 1984 Pueblo Indian Water Rights: Struggle for a Precious Resource. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
  93. Dunlap, Thomas 1988 Saving America's Wildlife: Ecology and the American Mind, 1850- 1990. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  94. Eck, Diana L. 1998 Darśan: Seeing the Divine Image in India. 3 rd ed. New York: Columbia University Press.
  95. Edward, Rob 2005 "Howling Back." In Comeback Wolves: Western Writers Welcome the Wolf Home, ed. by Gary Wockner, Gregory McNamee, and SueEllen Campbell, 170-175. Boulder: Johnson Books.
  96. Eilberg-Schwartz, Howard 1990 The Savage in Judaism: An Anthropology of Israelite Religion and Ancient Judaism. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  97. Eisenberg, Evan 1998 The Ecology of Eden: An Inquiry into the Dream of Paradise and a New Vision of Our Role in Nature. New York: Random House.
  98. Ernst, Alice Henson 1952 The Wolf Ritual of the Northwest Coast. Eugene: University of Oregon Press.
  99. Estés, Clarissa Pinkola 2005 "Wild Wolf -Wild Soul." In Comeback Wolves: Western Writers Welcome the Wolf Home, ed. by Gary Wockner, Gregory McNamee, and SueEllen Campbell, 91-94. Boulder: Johnson Books.
  100. Evans, G.W. "Dub" [1951] 2005 "Wolf Cunning" (excerpted from Slash Ranch Hounds). In El Lobo: Readings on the Mexican Gray Wolf, ed. by T. Lynch, 77-83. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
  101. Farmer, Jared 1999 Glen Canyon Dammed: Inventing Lake Powell and the Canyon Country, Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press.
  102. Feher-Elston, Catherine 2004 WolfSong: A Natural and Fabulous History of Wolves. New York: Jeremy P. Tarcher/Penguin.
  103. Fladler, Susan 1974 Thinking Like a Mountain: Aldo Leopold and the Evolution of an Ecological Attitude toward Deer, Wolves and Forests. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
  104. Flores, Dan 1996 "Place versus Region in Western Environmental History." In A New Significance: Re-envisioning the History of the American West, ed. by Clyde A. Milner II, 130-134. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  105. Foltz, Richard 2006 Animals in Islamic Tradition and Muslim Culture. Oxford: Oneworld Press.
  106. Ford, D'Lyn 1995 "The Catron Way." New Mexico State University. New Mexico State University, College of Agriculture and Home Economics. http://www.cahe.nmsu.edu/pubs/ resourcesmag/fall95/catron.html. Accessed June 2008. Originally published in New Mexico Resources, Fall 1995.
  107. Foreman, Dave 1991 Confessions of an Eco-warrior. New York: Harmony Books.
  108. 2004 Rewilding North America: A Vision for Conservation in the 21 st Century. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.
  109. Foreman, Dave, and Bill Haywood (pseud.), eds. 2002 Ecodefense: A Field Guide to Monkeywrenching. 3 rd ed. Chico, CA: Abbzug Press.
  110. Fox, Michael W. 1978 "Man, Wolf, and Dog." In Wolf and Man: Evolution in Parallel, ed. by R. L. Hall and Henry S. Sharp, 19-30. New York: Academic Press.
  111. 1992 The Soul of the Wolf: A Meditation on Wolves and Man. New York: Lyons & Burford.
  112. Fraser, David 2005 "Caring for Farm Animals: Pastoralist Ideals in an Industrialized World." In A Communion of Subjects: Animals in Religion, Science, and Ethics, ed. by Paul Waldau and Kimberley Patton, 547-555. New York: Columbia University Press.
  113. Frazer, Sir James George 1922 The Golden Bough: A Study of Magic and Religion. Temple of Earth Publishing. 2005. http://www.templeofearth.com/books/goldenbough.pdf. Accessed January 2008.
  114. Freud, Sigmund 1950 Totem and Taboo: Some Points of Agreement between the Mental Lives of Savages and Neurotics. New York: W.W. Norton.
  115. Friederici, Peter [2002] 2005 "Welcoming Home an Old Friend." In El Lobo: Readings on the Mexican Gray Wolf, ed. by Tom Lynch, 220-23. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
  116. Fritts, Steven H., Robert O. Stephenson, Robert D. Hayes, and Luigi Boitani 2003 "Wolves and Humans." In Wolves: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation, ed. by L. David Mech and Luigi Boitani, 289-316. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
  117. Garcia-Moreno, Jaime, Majorie D. Matocq, Michael S. Roy, Eli Geffen, and Robert K. Wayne 1996 "Relationships and Genetic Purity of the Endangered Mexican Wolf Based on Analysis of Microsatellite Loci." Conservation Biology 10/2: 376-389.
  118. Gatta, John 2004 Making Nature Sacred: Literature, Religion, and Environment in America from the Puritans to the Present. New York: Oxford University Press.
  119. Gerbi, Antonello 1985 Nature in the New World: From Christopher Columbus to Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
  120. Gerfin, Allison 2006 "Mexican Wolves Face a Rocky Road to Recovery." High Country News, June 12. http://www.hcn.org/servlets/hcn.Article?article_id=16357. Accessed May 2008. Glacken, Clarence 1967 Traces on the Rhodian Shore: Nature and Culture in Western Thought from Ancient Times to the End of the Eighteenth Century. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  121. Glaser, Kirk 1995 "Desire, Death, and Domesticity in Jeffers's Pastorals." In Robinson Jeffers: Dimensions of a Poet, ed. by Robert Brophy. New York: Fordham University Press.
  122. Goble, Dale D. [2001] 2005 "Reintroducing the Missing Parts." In El Lobo: Readings on the Mexican Gray Wolf, ed. by Tom Lynch, 130-37. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
  123. Grambo, Rebecca L. 2005 Wolf: Legend, Enemy, Icon. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books.
  124. Green, Rayna 1988 "The Tribe Called Wannabee: Playing Indian in America and Europe." Folklore 99/1: 30-55.
  125. Grigsby, Thomas L. 1980 "Today's Riders of the Purple Sage: Symbols, Values, and the Cowboy Myth." Rangelands 2/3: 93-96.
  126. Grim, John 2006 "Knowing and Being Known by Animals: Indigenous Perspectives on Personhood". In A Communion of Subjects: Animals in Religion, Science, and Ethics, ed. by Paul Waldau and Kimberley Patton, 373- 390. New York: Columbia University Press.
  127. Grinnell, George Bird.
  128. The Cheyenne Indians. 2 vols. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
  129. Grossman, Cathy 2002 "Charting the Unchurched in America". USA Today, March 7. Gannett Co. Inc. http://www.usatoday.com/life/dcovthu.htm. Accessed January 2008.
  130. Guha, Ramachandra 1989 "Radical American Environmentalism and Wilderness Preservation: A Third World Critique." Environmental Ethics 11: 71-83.
  131. Guitierrez, Ramon 1991 When Jesus Came the Corn Mothers Went Away: Marriage, Sexuality, and Power in New Mexico, 1500-1846. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  132. Hall, David, ed. 1997 Lived Religion in America: Toward a History of Practice. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  133. Hall, E. Raymond, and Keith R. Kelson 1959 The Mammals of North America. New York: The Ronald Press.
  134. Hall, Roberta L., and Henry S. Sharp 1978a "Behavior and Culture." In Wolf and Man: Evolution in Parallel, ed. by Roberta L. Hall and Henry S. Sharp, 9-17. New York: Academic Press. Hall, Roberta L., and Henry S. Sharp 1978b "Introduction: The Anthropology of the Wolf." In Wolf and Man: Evolution in Parallel, ed. by Roberta L. Hall and Henry S. Sharp, 1-7. New York: Academic Press.
  135. Hall, Roberta L., and Henry S. Sharp, eds. 1978 Wolf and Man: Evolution in Parallel. New York: Academic Press.
  136. Hallowell, A. Irving 1960 "Ojibwa Ontology, Behavior, and World View." In Culture in History: Essays in Honor of Paul Radin, ed. by S. Diamond, 19-52. New York: Columbia University Press.
  137. Hamayon, Roberte N. 2001 "Shamanism: Symbolic System, Human Capability and Western Ideology." In The Concept of Shamanism: Use and Abuse, ed. by Henri-Paul Francfort and Roberte Hamayon. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó. Hampton, Bruce 1997 The Great American Wolf. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
  138. Hardy-Short, Dayle C., and C. Brant Short 2000 "Science, Economics, and Rhetoric: Environmental Advocacy and the Wolf Reintroduction Debate, 1987-1999." USDA Forest Service Proceedings (RMRS-P-15-VOL-2): 65-72.
  139. Harrod, Howard 2000 The Animals Came Dancing: Native American Sacred Ecology and Animal Kinship. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
  140. Harrington, Fred H., and Cheryl S. Asa 2003 "Wolf Communication." In Wolves: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation, ed. by L. David Mech and Luigi Boitani, 66-103. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  141. Harrington, Fred H., and L. David Mech 1978 "Wolf Vocalization." In Wolf and Man: Evolution in Parallel, ed. by Roberta L. Hall and Henry S. Sharp, 109-131. New York: Academic Press. Harvey, Graham 2006 Animism: Respecting the Living World. New York: Columbia University Press.
  142. Hedrick, Philip W., Philip S. Miller, Eli Geffen, and Robert Wayne 1997 "Genetic Evaluation of the Three Captive Mexican Wolf Lineages." Zoo Biology 16: 47-69.
  143. Heywood, W., ed. 1998 The Little Flowers of St. Francis of Assisi. New York: Vintage Books. Hicks, Gregory A., and Devon G. Peña 2003 "Community Acequias in Colorado's Rio Culebra Watershed: A Customary Commons in the Domain of Prior Appropriation." University of Colorado Law Review 74/2.
  144. Hiebert, Theodore 1996 The Yahwist's Landscape: Nature and Religion in Early Israel. New York: Oxford University Press.
  145. Hillpert, Bruce E. 1996 "The Indé (Western Apache): The People of the Mountains." In Paths of Life: American Indians of the Southwest and Northern Mexico, ed. by Thomas E. Sheridan and Nancy J. Parezo, 61-90. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press.
  146. Hobgood-Oster, Laura 2007a "Christian Art and Animals." In Encyclopedia of Human-Animal Relationships, ed. by Marc Bekoff, 479-483. vol. 2. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. 2007b "Christian Saints and Animals." In Encyclopedia of Human-Animal Relationships, ed. by Marc Bekoff, 483-486. vol. 2. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
  147. Hodges, David 2004 "Rednecks for Wolves." Restoring Connections (newsletter of the Sky Island Alliance) 7/1: 4.
  148. Holaday, Bobbie 2003 The Return of the Mexican Gray Wolf: Back to the Blue. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
  149. Holder, Jan 2004 "Better Beef by Far: Raised Predator-friendly." Restoring Connections (newsletter of the Sky Island Alliance) 7/1: 10.
  150. Holmes, Sue Major 2008 "Poll: Most New Mexicans, Arizonans Back Wolf Recovery." Associated Press, June 17. Las Cruses Sun News. Media News Group. http://www.lcsun-news.com/ci_9611134. Accessed 30 June 2008. Honnold, Doug 1998 "Wolves, Bears, and the Spirit of the Wild." In Reclaiming the Native Home of Hope: Community, Ecology, and the American West, ed. by Robert B. Keiter, 127-133. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
  151. Hornaday, William T. 1904 The American Natural History. New York: Charles Scribner and Sons. Hornborg, Alf 1996 "Ecology as Semiotics: Outlines of a Contextualist Paradigm for Human Ecology." In Nature and Society: Anthropological Perspectives, ed. by Philippe Descola and Gísli Pálsson, 45-59. London: Routledge. 2006 "Animism, Fetishism, and Objectivism as Strategies for Knowing (or not Knowing) the World." Ethnos: Journal of Anthropology 71/1: 21- 32. Hughes, J. Donald 1994 Pan's Travail: Environmental Problems of the Ancient Greeks and Romans. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
  152. Hutton, Ronald 1999 The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  153. Ingold, Tim 2000 The Perception of the Environment: Essays in Livelihood, Dwelling and Skill. London: Routledge. 2006 "Rethinking the Animate, Re-animating Thought." Ethnos: Journal of Anthropology 71/1: 9-20.
  154. Ingram, David 2000 Green Screen: Environmentalism and Hollywood Cinema. Exeter, UK: University of Exeter Press.
  155. Iron Cloud, Manuel 1995 "Sungmanitu Tanka Oyate: Wolf Nation." In War against the Wolf: America's Campaign to Exterminate the Wolf, ed. by R. McIntyre, 260-262. Stillwater, MN: Voyageur Press.
  156. Isenberg, Andrew C. 2002a "The Moral Ecology of Wildlife." In Representing Animals, ed. by Nigel Rothfels, 48-64. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 2002b "The Wild and the Tamed: Indians, Euroamericans, and the Destruction of the Bison." In Animals in Human Histories: The Mirror of Nature and Culture, ed. by Mary J. Henninger-Voss, 115- 143. New York: University of Rochester Press.
  157. Ivakhiv, Adrian 2001 Claiming Sacred Ground: Pilgrims and Politics at Glastonbury and Sedona. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  158. Jacobs, Lynn 1992 Waste of the West: Public Lands Ranching. Tucson: Arizona Lithographers.
  159. Jakobsen, Merete Demant 1999 Shamanism: Traditional and Contemporary Approaches to the Mastery of Spirits and Healing. New York: Berghahn Books.
  160. James, William [1902] 1922 The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature (Gifford Lectures). London: Longmans, Green, and Co.
  161. Jeffers, Robinson 1948 The Double Axe and Other Poems. New York: Random House. 2003 The Wild God of the World: An Anthology of Robinson Jeffers. Selected with an introduction by Albert Gelpi. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  162. Jickling, Bob, and Paul C. Paquet 2005 "Wolf Stories: Reflections on Science, Ethics, and Epistemology." Environmental Ethics 27/2: 115-134.
  163. Johnson, T.B. 1990 "Preliminary Results of a Public Opinion Survey of Arizona Residents and Interest Groups about the Mexican Wolf." Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program Technical Report. Phoenix: Arizona Game and Fish Department.
  164. Kalland, Arne 2005 "The Religious Environmentalist Paradigm." In Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature, ed. by Bron Taylor, 1367-1371. New York and London: Continuum.
  165. Kellert, Stephen R. 1989 "Perceptions of Animals in America." In Perceptions of Animals in American Culture, ed. by R.J. Hoage, 5-24. Washington, D.C. and London: Smithsonian Institution Press.
  166. Kelly, B., M. Brown, and O. Byers, eds. 2001 Mexican Wolf Reintroduction Program Three-year Review Workshop: Final Report. Apple Valley, MN: IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group.
  167. Kenney, Douglas S. 1997 Resource Management at the Watershed Level: An Assessment of the Changing Federal Role in the Emerging Era of Community-Based Watershed Management. Springfield, VA: National Technical Information Service.
  168. Kienzle, Beverly 2006 "The Bestiary of Heretics: Imaging Medieval Christian Heresy with Insects and Animals." In A Communion of Subjects: Animals in Religion, Science and Ethics, ed. by Paul Waldau and Kimberley Patton, 103-116. New York: Columbia University Press.
  169. Klein, Cecilia, et al. 2002 "The Role of Shamanism in Mesoamerican Art." Current Anthropology 43/4: 383-419.
  170. Knight, Richard L., George N. Wallace, and William E. Riebsame 1995 "Ranching the View: Subdivisions versus Agriculture." Conservation Biology 9/2: 459-461.
  171. Knight, Richard L., Wendell C. Gilgert, and Ed Marston, eds. 2002 Ranching West of the 100 th Meridian: Culture, Ecology, and Economics. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.
  172. LaDuke, Winona 2005 "Holy Land in Native North America." In Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature, ed. by Bron Taylor, 785-789. New York and London: Continuum.
  173. Laney, L.H.
  174. 1995 "Annual Report, Predatory Animal Control, New Mexico District, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service" (excerpt). In War against the Wolf: America's Campaign to Exterminate the Wolf, ed. by Rick McIntyre, 185. Stillwater, MN: Voyageur Press.
  175. Lambert, Page 2002 "An Intimate Look at the Heart of the Radical Center." In Ranching West of the 100 th Meridian: Culture, Ecology, and Economics, ed. by Richard L. Knight, Wendell C. Gilgert, and Ed Marston, 59-76.
  176. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.
  177. Larsen, David K. 2005 "Interfaith Council for Environmental Stewardship." In Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature, ed. by Bron Taylor, 849-850. New York and London: Continuum.
  178. Leonard J.A., C. Vila, and R.K. Wayne 2005 "Legacy Lost: Genetic Variability and Population Size of Extirpated US Grey Wolves (Canis lupus)." Molecular Ecology 14: 9-17.
  179. Leopold, A. Starker [1959] 2005 "Wolf. Canis Lupus" (excerpt from Wildlife of Mexico: The Game Birds and Mammals). In El Lobo: Readings on the Mexican Gray Wolf, ed. by Tom Lynch, 65-70. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press. Leopold, Aldo [1949] 1987
  180. A Sand County Almanac, And Sketches Here and There. New York: Oxford University Press.
  181. 1990 "Wild Lifers vs. Game Farmers: A Plea for Democracy in Sport." In Aldo Leopold's Southwest, ed. by David E. Brown and Neil B. Carmony, 54-60. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
  182. 1990 "The Wilderness and Its Place in Forest Recreational Policy." In Aldo Leopold's Southwest, ed. by David E. Brown and Neil B. Carmony, 146-151. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
  183. 1991 "Some Fundamentals of Conservation in the Southwest." In The River of the Mother of God and Other Essays by Aldo Leopold, ed. by Susan L. Fladler and J. Baird Callicott, 86-97. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
  184. 1995 "Game Management in the National Forests." In Aldo Leopold's Southwest, ed. by David E. Brown and Neil B. Carmony, 125-131. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
  185. 1995 "Unpublished Foreword to A Sand County Almanac: Sketches Here and There." In War Against the Wolf: America's Campaign to Exterminate the Wolf, ed. by Rick McIntyre, 321-25. Stillwater, MN: Voyageur Press.
  186. Lévi-Strauss, Claude 1963 Totemism. Boston: Beacon Press.
  187. Ligon, J. Stokley [1919] 1995 "Annual Report, Predatory Animal Control, New Mexico District, U.S. Bureau of Biological Survey." In War against the Wolf: America's Campaign to Exterminate the Wolf, ed. by R. McIntyre, 181-82. Stillwater, MN: Voyageur Press.
  188. 1995 "Annual Report, Predatory Animal Control, New Mexico District, U.S. Bureau of Biological Survey." In War against the Wolf: America's Campaign to Exterminate the Wolf, ed. by R. McIntyre, 182-84. Stillwater, MN: Voyageur Press.
  189. Limerick, Patricia N. 1987 The Legacy of Conquest: The Unbroken Past of the American West. New York and London: W.W. Norton & Company.
  190. Lindquist, Galina 2001 "The Wolf, the Saami and the Urban Shaman." In Natural Enemies: People-Wildlife Conflicts in Anthropological Perspective, ed. by J. Knight, 170-188. New York: Routledge.
  191. Linnell, J.D., J.E. Swenson, and R. Anderson 2001 "Predators and People: Conservation of Large Carnivores is Possible at High Human Densities if Management Policy is Favorable." Animal Conservation 4: 345-49.
  192. Linzey, Andrew 1995 Animal Theology. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press. 1998 "Unfinished Creation: The Moral and Theological Significance of the Fall." Ecotheology 4: 20-26.
  193. Linzey, Andrew, and Dorothy Yamamoto, eds. 1998 Animals on the Agenda: Questions about Animals for Theology and Ethics. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
  194. Lobello, Rick 1995 "Aqui No Hay Mas Lobos." In War against the Wolf: America's Campaign to Exterminate the Wolf, ed. by Rick McIntyre, 421-33.
  195. Stillwater, MN: Voyageur Press.
  196. Loeffler, Jack 2002 Adventures with Ed: A Portrait of Abbey. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
  197. Lopez, Barry [1978] 2004 Of Wolves and Men. New York: Scribner Classics.
  198. Lutts, Ralph H. 1990 The Nature Fakers: Wildlife, Science & Sentiment. Charlottesville and London: University Press of Virginia.
  199. Lynch, Tom 2005 "Introduction: Re-Wilding the West." In El Lobo: Readings on the Mexican Gray Wolf, ed. by T. Lynch, 1-9. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
  200. Lynch, Tom, ed. 2005 El Lobo: Readings on the Mexican Gray Wolf. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
  201. Lynn, William S. 2002 "Canis Lupus Cosmopolis: Wolves in a Cosmopolitan Worldview." Worldviews 6/3: 300-327.
  202. 2004 "Animals: A More-Than-Human World." In Patterned Ground: Entanglements of Nature and Culture, ed. by Stephan Harrison et al., 258-260. London: Reaktion Press. 2006 "Between Science and Ethics: What Science and the Scientific Method Can and Cannot Contribute to Conservation and Sustainability." In Wildlife Conservation: In Pursuit of Ecological Sustainability, ed. by David Lavigne, 191-205. Limerick, IRL: University of Limerick Press.
  203. 2008 "Discourse and Wolves: Science, Society and Ethics." In Society and Animals. Under consideration.
  204. MacDonnell, Lawrence J. 1999 From Reclamation to Sustainability: Water, Agriculture, and the Environment in the American West. Niwit, CO: University of Colorado Press.
  205. Manes, Christopher 1990 Green Rage: Radical Environmentalism and the Unmaking of Civilization. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company.
  206. Martin, Calvin 1978 Keepers of the Game: Indian-Animal Relationships and the Fur Trade. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  207. Martin, Russell 1989 A Story that Stands like a Dam: Glen Canyon and the Struggle for the Soul of the West. Salt Lake City: The University of Utah Press.
  208. Masuzawa, Tomoko 2005 The Invention of World Religions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. McAllister, Sean T. 2000 "The Confluence of a River and a Community: An Experiment with Community-Based Watershed Management in Southwestern Colorado." University of Denver Water Law Review 3: 287-337.
  209. McBride, Roy [1980] 2005 "The Mexican Wolf (Canis lupus baileyi)." In El Lobo: Readings on the Mexican Gray Wolf, ed. by Tom Lynch, 89-106. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
  210. McCulley, Patrick 2001 Silenced Rivers: The Ecology and Politics of Large Dams. New York: Zed Books. McCutcheon, Russell T. 2007 "Words, Words, Words." Journal of the American Academy of Religion 75/4: 952-987.
  211. McDaniel, Jay 1989 Of God and Pelicans: A Theology of Reverence for Life. Louisville, KY: Westminster/John Knox Press.
  212. McDonald, Robert H. 1998 "The Revolt against Instinct: The Animal Stories of Seton and Roberts." In The Wild Animal Story, ed. by Ralph H. Lutts, 225-236. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
  213. McIntyre, Rick, ed. 1995 War against the Wolf: America's Campaign to Exterminate the Wolf. Stillwater, MN: Voyageur Press.
  214. McNay, M.E. 2002 "Wolf-human Interactions in Alaska and Canada: A Review of the Case History" Wildlife Society Bulletin 30: 831-843.
  215. Mech, L. David 1991 The Way of the Wolf. Stillwater, MN: Voyageur Press. 1995 "The Challenge and Opportunity of Recovering Wolf Populations." Conservation Biology 9/2: 270-278.
  216. 2001 "Wolf Restoration to the Adirondacks: The Advantages and Disadvantages of Public Participation in the Decision." In Wolves and Human Communities: Biology, Politics, and Ethics, ed. by Virginia A. Sharpe, Bryan Norton, and Strachan Donnelley, 13-22.
  217. Washington D.C./Covelo, CA: Island Press.
  218. Mech, L. David, and Luigi Boitani 2003 "Wolf Social Ecology." In Wolves: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation, ed. by L. D. Mech and Luigi Boitani, 1-34. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
  219. Mech, L. David, and Luigi Boitani, eds. 2003 Wolves: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
  220. Meine, Curt 1988 Aldo Leopold: His Life and Work. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. 1998 "Moving Mountains: Aldo Leopold & A Sound County Almanac." Wildlife Society Bulletin 26/4: 700-705.
  221. Melson, Gail F. 2001 Why the Wild Things Are: Animals in the Lives of Children. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  222. Merchant, Carolyn 1980 The Death of Nature: Women, Ecology and the Scientific Revolution. San Francisco: Harper & Row: Harper & Row.
  223. 2003 Reinventing Eden: The Fate of Nature in Western Culture. New York and London: Routledge.
  224. Mexican Wolf Blue Range Adaptive Management Oversight Committee and Interagency Field Team (MW) 2005 Mexican Wolf Blue Range Reintroduction Project 5-year Review. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 2, New Mexico.
  225. Midgley, Mary 1983 Animals and Why They Matter. Athens: University of Georgia Press.
  226. 1995 Beast and Man: The Roots of Human Nature. Revised ed. New York: Routledge. 2001 "The Problem of Living with Wildness." In Wolves and Human Communities: Biology, Politics, and Ethics, ed. by Virginia A. Sharpe, Bryan G. Norton, and Strachan Donnelley, 179-190.
  227. Washington D.C./Covelo, CA: Island Press.
  228. 2002 Evolution as a Religion. Revised ed. London and New York: Routledge. Mighetto, Lisa 1991 Wild Animals and American Environmental Ethics. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
  229. Miniclier, Kit 1998 "Arizonans Feel Threatened by Wolf Release; Ranchers Say They're Endangered Species." Denver Post, 1 February, B-02.
  230. Moody, Joan [1998] 2005 "El Lobo's Homecoming." In El Lobo: Readings on the Mexican Gray Wolf, ed. by Tom Lynch, 164-168. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
  231. Moore, John H. 1979 "The Utility of Cheyenne Cosmology." Papers in Anthropology 20/2: 1-12. 1984 "Cheyenne Names and Cosmology." American Ethnologist 11/2: 291- 312. 1996 The Cheyenne. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers.
  232. Morgan, David 2005 The Sacred Gaze: Religious Visual Culture in Theory and Practice. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  233. Murie, Adolph [1944] 1995 "The Wolves of Mount McKinley." In War against the Wolf: America's Campaign to Exterminate the Wolf, ed. by Rick McIntyre, 318-325. Stillwater, MN: Voyageur Press.
  234. Nabhan, Gary Paul 1995 "Cultural Parallax in Viewing North American Habitats." In Reinventing Nature? Responses to Postmodern Deconstruction, ed. by Michael Soulé and Gary Lease, 87-101. Washington, D.C.: Island Press. 1997 Cultures of Habitat: On Nature, Culture, and Story. Washington, D.C.: Counterpoint.
  235. Nadasdy, Paul 2005 "Transcending the Debate over the Ecologically Noble Indian: Indigenous Peoples and Environmentalism." Ethnohistory 52: 291- 331. Nash, Roderick Frazier 2001 Wilderness and the American Mind. 4th ed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  236. Naughton-Treves, Lisa, Rebecca Grossberg, and Adrian Treves 2003 "Paying for Tolerance: Rural Citizens' Attitudes toward Wolf Depredation and Compensation." Conservation Biology 17/6: 1500- 11. Neel, Susan Rhoades 1996 "A Place of Extremes: Nature, History and the American West." In A New Significance: Re-envisioning the History of the American West, ed. by Clyde A. Milner II, 105-124. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  237. Nelson, Michael P. 1998 "Aldo Leopold, Environmental Ethics, and the Land Ethic." Wildlife Society Bulletin 26/4: 741-744. 2005 "Pagan Environmental Ethics." In Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature, ed. by B. Taylor, 1232-1234. New York and London: Continuum. Nelson, Richard K. 1983 Make Prayers to the Raven: A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
  238. New Mexico State Game Commission 2007 "Minutes." University of New Mexico-Gallup, Campus Gymnasium. Gallup, NM. July 18. New Mexico Wildlife. New Mexico Department of Game and Fish. http://www.wildlife.state.nm.us/ commission/minutes/documents/Minutes7-18-07_Gallup__000.pdf. Accessed June 2008.
  239. Nie, Martin A. 2003 Beyond Wolves: The Politics of Wolf Recovery and Management. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  240. Nijhuis, Michelle 2001 "Return of the Natives." High Country News, 26 February. http://www.hcn.org/servlets/hcn.Article?article_id=10278. Accessed June 2008. Norton, Bryan G. 1984 "Environmental Ethics and Weak Anthropocentrism." Environmental Ethics 6: 131-148
  241. 1991 Toward Unity Among Environmentalists. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2001 "What Do We Owe the Future? How Should We Decide?" In Wolves and Human Communities: Biology, Politics, and Ethics, ed. by Virginia A. Sharpe, Bryan G. Norton, and Strachan Donnelley, 213- 32. Washington D.C./Covelo, CA: Island Press.
  242. Nowak, Ronald M. 2003 "Wolf Evolution and Taxonomy." In Wolves: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation, ed. by L. David Mech and Luigi Boitani, 238-259. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
  243. Oelschlaeger, Max 1991 The Idea of Wilderness: From Prehistory to the Age of Ecology. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  244. 1994 Caring for Creation: An Ecumenical Approach to the Environmental Crisis. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  245. Orion Afield 2000 Special Issue: "Cowboy Conservation." 4/3.
  246. Orsi, Robert 2002 The Madonna of 115th Street: Faith and Community in Italian Harlem, 1880-1950. 2nd ed. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  247. Ossorio, Jean C., and David R. Parsons 2008 "No Lobo Left Wild? Escalating Removals Threaten Survival of Remaining Mexican Gray Wolf Populations." Restoring Connections (newsletter of the Sky Island Alliance) 11/1: 6-7.
  248. Otten, Charlotte F., ed. 1986 A Lycanthropy Reader: Werewolves in Western Culture. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.
  249. Ouspensky, Leonid, and Vladimir Lossky 1969 The Meaning of Icons, trans. by G.E.H. Palmer and E. Kadloubovsky. Boston: Boston Book and Art Shop, Inc.
  250. Packard, Jane M. 2003 "Wolf Behavior: Reproductive, Social, and Intelligent." In Wolves: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation, edited by L. David Mech and Luigi Boitani, 35-65. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
  251. Paquet, P.C., J. Vucetich, M.L. Phillips, and L. Vucetich 2001 Mexican Wolf Recovery: Three Year Program Review and Assessment. Prepared by the Conservation Breeding Specialist Group for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
  252. Parsons, David R. 1996 "Case Study: The Mexican Wolf." New Mexico Journal of Science 36: 101-123. 1998 "'Green Fire' Returns to the Southwest: Reintroduction of the Mexican Gray Wolf." Wildlife Society Bulletin 26/4: 799-807.
  253. 2007a "Dear Dr. Tuggle." Letter to Dr. Benjamin Tuggle, June 28. Center for Biological Diversity. Center for Biological Diversity. http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/swcbd/ SPECIES/MEXWOLF/rewilding-institute-06-28-2007.pdf. Accessed June 2008. 2007b "Return of the Lobo." New Mexico Wild! (Summer): 20.
  254. Patton, Kimberley 2006a "'Caught with Ourselves in the Net of Life and Time': Traditional Views of Animals in Religion." In A Communion of Subjects: Animals in Religion, Science, and Ethics, ed. by Paul Waldau and Kimberley Patton, 27-39. New York: Columbia University Press. 2006b "Animal Sacrifice: Metaphysics of the Sublimated Victim." In A Communion of Subjects: Animals in Religion, Science, and Ethics, ed. by Paul Waldau and Kimberley Patton, 391-405. New York: Columbia University Press.
  255. Pavlik, Steve 1999 "San Carlos and White Mountain Apache Attitudes toward the Reintroduction of the Mexican Wolf to Its Historic Range in the American Southwest." Wicazo Sa Review 14/1: 129-145.
  256. 2005 "Will Big Trotter Reclaim His Place? The Role of the Wolf in Navajo Tradition." In El Lobo: Readings on the Mexican Gray Wolf, ed. by T. Lynch, 31-52. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
  257. Peters, Roger 1978 "Communication, Cognitive Mapping, and Strategy in Wolves and Hominids." In Wolf and Man: Evolution in Parallel, ed. by Roberta L. Hall and Henry S. Sharp, 95-107. New York: Academic Press.
  258. Peters, Roger, and L. David Mech 1978 "Scent-Marking in Wolves." In Wolf and Man: Evolution in Parallel, ed. by Roberta L. Hall and Henry S. Sharp, 133-147. New York: Academic Press.
  259. Peterson, Anna 2001 Being Human: Ethics, Environment, and Our Place in the World. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  260. Piaget, Jean [1923] 2002 The Language and Thought of the Child. New York: Routledge Classics. Pickering, Kathleen, and Benjamin Jewell 2008 "Nature is Relative: Religious Affiliation, Environmental Attitudes, and Political Constraints on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation." Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture 2/1: 135-158.
  261. Pickett, Steward T.A., and Ricardo Rozzi 2001 "The Ecological Implications of Wolf Restoration: Contemporary Ecological Principles and Linkages with Social Processes." In Wolves and Human Communities: Biology, Politics, and Ethics, ed. by Virginia A. Sharpe, Bryan G. Norton, and Strachan Donnelley, 261- 274. Washington D.C./Covelo, CA: Island Press.
  262. Pisani, Donald J. 1996 Water, Land, and Law in the West: The Limits of Public Policy, 1850- 1920. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.
  263. Pfeiffer, J. 1969 The Emergence of Man. New York: Harper.
  264. Plumwood, Val 1993 Feminism and the Mastery of Nature. London and New York: Routledge. Pluskowski, Aleksander 2005 "Prowlers in Wild and Dark Places? Mapping Wolves in Medieval Britain and Southern Scandinavia." In Just Skin and Bones? New Perspectives on Human-Animal Relations in the Historical Past, ed. by Aleksander Pluskowski, 81-94. Oxford: Archaeopress.
  265. Povilitis, Anthony, David R. Parsons, Michael J. Robinson, and C. Dusti Becker 2006 "The Bureaucratically Imperiled Mexican Wolf." Conservation Biology 20/4: 942-945.
  266. Proctor, James, and Evan Berry 2005 "Social Science on Religion and Nature." In Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature, ed. by B. Taylor, 1571-1577. New York and London: Continuum. Quinn, Daniel 2005 "Animism -Humanity's Original Religious Worldview." In Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature, ed. by Bron Taylor, 83-91. New York and London: Continuum.
  267. Radding, Cynthia 1997 Wandering Peoples: Colonialism, Ethnic Spaces, and Ecological Frontiers in Northwestern Mexico, 1700-1850. Durham and London: Duke University Press.
  268. Rappaport, Roy A. 1979 Ecology, Meaning, and Religion. Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic Books.
  269. Reese, April 2005 "Wolf Man John." High Country News, July 25.
  270. Regan, Tom. 1983. The Case for Animal Rights. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  271. Reichel-Dolmatoff, Gerardo 1975 The Shaman and the Jaguar. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
  272. 1996 The Forest Within: The Worldview of the Tukano Amazonian Indians. Totnes, UK: Themis-Green Books.
  273. Reisner, Marc 1993 Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Waters. Rev. ed. New York: Penguin Books.
  274. Richardson, Bill 2007 "Governor Richardson Seeks to Change Protocols for Mexican Wolf Recovery Program." July 6. State of New Mexico. Office of the Governor. Online: http://www.governor.state.nm.us/ press/2007/july/070607_01.pdf (accessed 2 June 2008).
  275. Ring, Ray 2008 "The Gospel According to Ron Gillet: Fiery Advocate against Wolves Connects with a Small Farm Town." High Country News 40/9 (May 12): 4-5.
  276. Ripple, William J., and E.J. Larsen 2004 "Wolves and the Ecology of Fear: Can Predation Risk Structure Ecosystems?" BioScience 54: 755-766.
  277. Ripple, William J., and Robert L. Beschetta 2004 "Wolves, Elk, Willows, and Trophic Cascades in the Upper Gallatin Range of Southwestern Montana, USA." Forest Ecology and Management 200: 161-181.
  278. Rivera, Jose 1999 Acequia Culture: Land, Water, and Community in the Southwest. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
  279. Robinson, Michael J. 2005a Predatory Bureaucracy: The Extermination of Wolves and the Transformation of the West. Boulder: University of Colorado Press. 2005b "Prospects for Mexican Gray Wolf Recovery in the Sky Islands." USDA Forest Service Proceedings (RMRS-P-36): 341-344.
  280. Robinson, Michael, Dave Parsons, and Rob Edward 2006 "South from Yellowstone: What Remains to Be Done." International Wolf 16/1: 2-4.
  281. Rowland, Beryl 1973 Animals with Human Faces: A Guide to Animal Symbolism. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.
  282. Ruether, Rosemary Radford 1992 Gaia and God: An Ecofeminist Theology of Earth Healing. San Francisco: HarperCollins.
  283. Russell, Sharman Apt [1992] 2005 "The Physics of Beauty." In El Lobo: Readings on the Mexican Gray Wolf, ed. by Tom Lynch, 143-155. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press. Sale, Kirkpatrick 1990 The Conquest of Paradise: Christopher Columbus and the Columbian Legacy. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
  284. Savory, Alan 2002 "Re-Creating the West … One Decision at a Time." In Ranching West of the 100 th Meridian: Culture, Ecology, and Economics, ed. by Richard L. Knight, Wendell C. Gilgert, and Ed Marston, 155-170.
  285. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.
  286. Scarce, Rik 1991 Eco-Warriors: Understanding the Radical Environmental Movement. Chicago: The Noble Press. 2005 "More than Wolves at the Door: Reconstructing Community amidst a Wildlife Controversy." In Mad about Wildlife: Looking at Social Conflict over Wildlife, ed. by Ann Herda-Rapp and Theresa L. Goedeke, 123-46. Leiden and Boston: Brill.
  287. Schadler, Christine 2001 "Reintroduction: Inspired Policy or Poor Conservation?" In Wolves and Human Communities: Biology, Politics, and Ethics, ed. by Virginia A. Sharpe, Bryan Norton, and Strachan Donnelley, 161-173.
  288. Washington, D.C. and Covelo, CA: Island Press.
  289. Schaller, George B., and Gordon R. Lowther 1969 "The Relevance of Carnivore Behavior to the Study of Early Hominids." Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 25/4: 307-341. The Wolves of Heaven: Cheyenne Shamanism, Ceremonies, and Prehistoric Origins. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
  290. Schlickeisen, Rodger 2001 "Overcoming Cultural Barriers to Wolf Reintroduction." In Wolves and Human Communities: Biology, Politics, and Ethics, ed. by Virginia A. Sharpe, Bryan G. Norton, and Strachan Donnelley, 61-73.
  291. Washington D.C./Covelo, CA: Island Press. 2004 "Defenders of Wildlife Action Fund Reacts to Bush-Cheney Political Campaign Ad 'Wolves'." Wolf Song of Alaska. Wolf Song of Alaska Inc. October 22. http://www.wolfsongalaska.org/news/ Alaska_current_events_920.htm. Accessed 6 April 2007).
  292. Sears, John F. 1989 Sacred Places: American Tourist Attractions in the Nineteenth Century. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.
  293. Seegert, Alan 2008 "Lupophobia Blues" (letter to the editor). High Country News 40/7:
  294. Seton, Ernest Thompson [1898] 1998 "Lobo: The King of the Currumpaw." In The Wild Animal Story, ed. by Ralph H. Lutts, 48-58. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
  295. Sharpe, Eric J. 1986 Comparative Religion: A History. LaSalle, Illinois: Open Court Press.
  296. Sharpe, Virginia A., Bryan Norton, and Strachan Donnelley, eds. 2001 Wolves and Human Communities: Biology, Politics, and Ethics.
  297. Washington D.C./Covelo, CA: Island Press.
  298. Shepard, Paul 1996a A Paul Shepard Reader: The Only World We've Got. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books. 1996b The Others: How Animals Made Us Human. Washington, D.C: Island Press. 1998 Coming Home to the Pleistocene. Washington, D.C.: Island Press/Shearwater Books.
  299. Skinner, Milton P. [1924] 1995 "The Predatory and Fur-Bearing Animals of Yellowstone National Park." In War against the Wolf: America's Campaign to Exterminate the Wolf, ed. by Rick McIntyre, 292-296. Stillwater, MN: Voyageur Press.
  300. Sloan, Gene 2005 "Searching Safari: Wolf Lovers Travel in Packs in Yellowstone." USA Today, May 27, D1-2.
  301. Smith, Arthur H., and William Martin 1972 "Socioeconomic Behavior of Cattle Ranchers, with Implications for Rural Community Development in the West." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 54/2: 217-225.
  302. Smith, Jonathan Z. 1998 "Religion, Religions, Religious." In Critical Terms for Religious Studies, ed. by Mark C. Taylor, 269-284. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
  303. Snodgrass, Jeffrey G., and Kristina Tiedje 2008 "Indigenous Nature Reverence and Conservation: Seven Ways of Transcending an Unnecessary Dichotomy." Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture 2/1: 6-29.
  304. Snyder, Gary 1990 The Practice of the Wild. San Francisco: North Point Press.
  305. Soulé, Michael 1985 "What is Conservation Biology?" BioScience 35: 727-734.
  306. Soulé, Michael E., and Gary Lease, eds. 1995 Reinventing Nature?: Responses to Postmodern Deconstruction. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
  307. Soulé, Michael E., James A. Estes, Brian Miller, and Douglas L. Honnold 2005 "Strongly Interacting Species: Conservation Policy, Management, and Ethics." BioScience 55/2: 168-176.
  308. Soulé, Michael, and Reed Noss 1998 "Rewilding and Biodiversity: Complementary Goals for Continental Conservation." Wild Earth 8/3: 18-28.
  309. Soussan, Tania 2003 "Trapped by Doubts." Albuquerque Journal, August 31, B1.
  310. Spence, Mark David 1999 Dispossessing the Wilderness: Indian Removal and the Making of the National Parks. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  311. Starrs, Paul F. 1998 Let the Cowboy Ride: Cattle Ranching in the American West. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press.
  312. Stevens, Donna 2008 "Second Extinction Near for Reintroduced Wolves." Restoring Connections (newsletter of the Sky Island Alliance) 11/1: 12.
  313. Takacs, David 1996 The Idea of Biodiversity: Philosophies of Paradise. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press.
  314. Tangley, Laura 2003 "Restoring a Lost Heritage." National Wildlife Magazine 41/1.
  315. Taugher, Mike 1999 "First 'Poster Wolf' Changes Her Image." 25 April. Denver Post, B- 02.
  316. Taylor, Bron 1991 "The Religion and Politics of Earth First!" The Ecologist 21/6: 258- 266. 1995 "Resacralizing Earth: Pagan Environmentalism and the Restoration of Turtle Island." In American Sacred Space, ed. by David Chidester and Edward Linenthal, 97-115. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 1997 "Earthen Spirituality or Cultural Genocide? Radical Environmentalism's Appropriation of Native American Spirituality." Religion 27/2: 183-215.
  317. 2001a "Earth and Nature-Based Spirituality (Part I): From Deep Ecology to Radical Environmentalism." Religion 31/2: 175-193.
  318. 2001b "Earth and Nature-Based Spirituality (Part II): From Earth First! and Bioregionalism to Scientific Paganism and the New Age." Religion (2001) 31/3: 225-245.
  319. 2002 "Diggers, Wolves, Ents, Elves and Expanding Universes: Bricolage, Religion, and Violence from Earth First! and the Earth Liberation Front to the Antiglobalization Resistance." In The Cultic Milieu: Oppositional Subcultures in an Age of Globalization, ed. by Jeffrey Kaplan, and Heléne Lööw, 26-74. Lanham, MD: Altamira/Rowman and Littlefield. 2005a "Conservation Biology." In Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature, ed. by Bron Taylor, 415-418. London and New York: Continuum. 2005b "Earth First! and the Earth Liberation Front." In Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature, ed. by Bron Taylor, 518-524. London and New York: Continuum. 2007 "Exploring Religion, Nature and Culture -Introducing the Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture." Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture" 1/1: 5-24.
  320. 2008 "The Tributaries of Radical Environmentalism." Journal for the Study of Radicalism 2/1: 27-61.
  321. forthcoming 2009 Dark Green Religion. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  322. Taylor, Bron, and Gavin Van Horn 2006 "Nature Religion and Environmentalism in North America." In Faith in America, ed. by Charles Lippy, 165-190. vol. 3. New York: Praeger.
  323. Taylor, Bron, and Joseph Witt 2006 "New and Alternative Nature Religions in America." In New and Alternative Religions in the United States, ed. by M. Ashcraft and E. Gallagher, 253-272. New York: Praeger.
  324. Taylor, Dylan, and Tim W. Clark 2005 "Management Context: People, Animals, and Institutions." In Coexisting with Large Carnivores: Lessons from Greater Yellowstone, ed. by Tim W. Clark, Murray B. Rutherford, and Denise Casey, 28-67. Washington D.C./Covelo, CA: Island Press.
  325. Taylor, Mark 1998 "Introduction." In Critical Terms for Religious Studies, ed. by M. C. Taylor, 1-19. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
  326. Terborgh, John, et al. 1999 "The Role of Top Carnivores in Regulating Terrestrial Ecosystems." Wild Earth 9/2: 42-56.
  327. Theberge, John B. 1975 Wolves and Wilderness. Toronto: J.M Dent and Sons.
  328. Thomas, Keith 1996 Man and the Natural World: Changing Attitudes in England, 1500- 1800. New York: Oxford University Press.
  329. Tiedje, Kristina, and Jeffrey G. Snodgrass, eds. 2008 "Special Issue: Indigenous Religions and Environments: Intersections of Animism and Nature Conservation." Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture 2/1.
  330. Truett, Samuel 1997 "Neighbors by Nature: Rethinking Region, Nation, and Environmental History in the U.S.-Mexico Borderlands." Environmental History 2/2: 159-178.
  331. Tuan, Yi-Fu 1968 "Discrepancies between Environmental Attitude and Behaviour: Examples from Europe and China." The Canadian Geographer 12: 176-91.
  332. Tucker, Mary Evelyn 2006 "A Communion of Subjects and a Multiplicity of Intelligences." In A Communion of Subjects: Animals in Religion, Science, and Ethics, ed. by Paul Waldau and Kimberley Patton, 645-647. New York: Columbia University Press.
  333. Turner, Jack 1996 The Abstract Wild. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
  334. Tweed, Thomas 2006 Crossing and Dwelling: A Theory of Religion. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  335. Tylor, E.B.
  336. 1920 Primitive Culture. Vol. 1. London: John Murray.
  337. Udall, Mark 2005 "Foreword." In Comeback Wolves: Western Writers Welcome the Wolf Home, ed. by Gary Wockner, Gregory McNamee, and SueEllen Campbell, vii-ix. Boulder: Johnson Books. United States Congress 1973 Endangered Species Act of 1973. 16 U.S.C. 1531-1544.
  338. United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) 1996 Final Environmental Impact Statement on Reintroduction of the Mexican Wolf within Its Historic Range in the Southwestern United States. Albuquerque, New Mexico. 1998a "Establishment of a Nonessential Experimental Population of the Mexican Gray Wolf in Arizona and New Mexico." 63 Federal Register 1763-1772; 50 CFR 17. January 12. 1998b "Gray Wolf (Canis lupus)." Fact Sheet. July. Department of the Interior. 2001 Mexican Wolf Recovery Program: Progress Report 4, Reporting Period: January 1 -December 31, 2001.
  339. 2003 Mexican Wolf Recovery Program: Progress Report 6, Reporting Period: January 1 -December 31, 2003. 2005 "Central Wolf in the Mexican Wolf Recovery Program Dies." U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Department of the Interior. 21 July. http://www.fws.gov/news/NewsReleases/showNews.cfm? newsId=3BA82341-65BF-03E7-262B9A54B2D8B009. Accessed April 2008. 2006a "Gray Wolf (Canis lupus)." Fact Sheet. March. Department of the Interior. 2006b "Mexican Wolf Blue Range Reintroduction Project Fact Sheet - Southwest Region." U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Department of the Interior. March. http://www.fws.gov/southwest/es/mexicanwolf/ pdf/MWReintroFactSheet2006.pdf. Accessed June 2008. 2007a "Gray Wolf (Canis lupus)." Fact Sheet. January. Department of the Interior. 2007b "News Release: Suggestions for Modifying Mexican Wolf Reintroduction Program Sought." 31 October. Albuquerque, New Mexico. 2007c "Notice of Scoping Meetings and Intent to Prepare an Environmental Impact Statement and Socio-Economic Assessment for the Proposed Amendment of the Rule Establishing a Nonessential Experimental Population of the Arizona and New Mexico Population of the Gray Wolf ('Mexican Gray Wolf')." 72 Federal Register 44065-44069. August 7. 2007d "Wolf Recovery in North America." January.
  340. Valdez, Linda 2008 "Wolf Country: Ranchers Fighting Comeback of a Predator That's Good for the Land." The Arizona Republic, May 22. AZ Central.com. http://www.azcentral.com/arizonarepublic/viewpoints/articles/ 0522vip-wolves0525.html. Accessed May 2008.
  341. Vallez, Kim 2007 "Wolf Fears Grow in Catron County." KRQE News 13 (Albuquerque, NM). December 6. WorldNow and KRQE. http://www.krqe.com/Global/SearchResults.asp?vendor=wss&qu= "glenwood+and+reserve+are+scared". Accessed May 2008.
  342. Van Horn, Gavin, and Bron Taylor 2005 "Sierra Club." In Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature, ed. by Bron Taylor, 1544-48. London and New York: Continuum.
  343. von Stuckrad, Kocku 2005 "Shamanism -Neo." In Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature, ed. by Bron Taylor, 1528-29. New York and London: Continuum.
  344. Waldau, Paul 2002 The Specter of Speciesism: Buddhist and Christian Views of Animals. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005 "Animals." In Encyclopedia of Religion, ed. by Lindsay Jones, 355- 362. Farmington Hills, MI: Thomson Gale. 2006 "Seeing the Terrain We Walk: Features of the Contemporary Landscape of 'Religion and Animals.'" In A Communion of Subjects: Animals in Religion, Science, and Ethics, ed. by Paul Waldau and Kimberley Patton, 40-61. New York: Columbia University Press.
  345. Waldau, Paul, and Kimberley Patton 2006 "Introduction." In A Communion of Subjects: Animals in Religion, Science, and Ethics, ed. by Paul Waldau and Kimberley Patton, 11- 23. New York: Columbia University Press.
  346. Waldau, Paul, and Kimberley Patton, eds. 2006 A Communion of Subjects: Animals in Religion, Science, and Ethics. New York: Columbia University Press.
  347. Walker, Brett L. 2005 The Lost Wolves of Japan. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press.
  348. Wallace, Mark 2005 Finding God in the Singing River: Christianity, Spirit, and Nature. Minneapolis: Fortress Press.
  349. Walley, J. Zane [1998] 2005 "Caught Twixt Beasts and Bureaucrats: New Rules from a Softer Society, Far Removed from the Land." In El Lobo: Readings on the Mexican Gray Wolf, ed. by Tom Lynch, 176-82. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
  350. 2005 "The Wasting of Catron County: Blueprint for the Destruction of Rural America?" In El Lobo: Readings on the Mexican Gray Wolf, ed. by Tom Lynch, 197-202. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press. Wayne, Robert K., Niles Lehman, Marc W. Allard, and Rodney L. Honeycutt 1992 "Mitochondrial DNA Variability of the Gray Wolf: Genetic Consequences of Population Decline and Habitat Fragmentation." Conservation Biology 6/4: 559-569.
  351. Webb, Christopher 1998 On God and Dogs: A Christian Theology of Compassion for Animals. New York: Oxford University Press.
  352. Webb, W.E.
  353. 1995 "Buffalo Land: A Manual for Sportsmen and Hand-book for Emigrants Seeking Homes" (excerpt). In War against the Wolf: America's Campaign to Exterminate the Wolf, ed. by Rick McIntyre, 54-55. Stillwater, MN: Voyageur Press.
  354. Weisiger, Marsha L. 2004 "The Debate over El Lobo: Can Historians Make a Difference?" The Public Historian 26/1: 123-44.
  355. White, Lynn 1967 "The Historic Roots of Our Ecologic Crisis." Science 155: 1203- 1207.
  356. Whitney, Elspeth 2005 "White, Lynn (1907-1987) -Thesis of." In Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature, ed. by B. Taylor, 1735-1737. New York and London: Continuum. Wilkinson, Todd 2000 "Eating as Advocacy." Orion Afield 4/3: 22.
  357. Williams, C.K., G. Ericsson, and T.A. Heberlein 2002 "A Quantitative Summary of Attitudes toward Wolves and their Reintroduction." Wildlife Society Bulletin 30/2: 575-84.
  358. Wilmot, Jason, and Tim W. Clark 2005 "Wolf Restoration: A Battle in the War over the West." In Coexisting with Large Carnivores: Lessons from Greater Yellowstone, ed. by Tim W. Clark, Murray B. Rutherford, and Denise Casey, 138-73.
  359. Washington D.C./Covelo, CA: Island Press.
  360. Wittgenstein, Ludwig [1953] 1973 Philosophical Investigations. Trans. by G. E. M. Anscombe. 3rd ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
  361. Woodward, Ian 1979 The Werewolf Delusion. New York and London: Paddington Press, Ltd. Worster, Donald 1985 Rivers of Empire: Water, Aridity and the Growth of the American West. New York: Oxford University Press. 1992 "Cowboy Ecology." In Under Western Skies: Nature and History in the American West, ed. by Donald Worster, 34-52. New York: Oxford University Press.
  362. 1994 Nature's Economy: A History of Ecological Ideas. 2nd ed. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  363. York, Michael 2005 "Shamanism -Traditional." In Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature, ed. by Bron Taylor, 1532-35. New York and London: Continuum.
  364. Young, Stanley P., and Edward A. Goldman 1944 The Wolves of North America. 2 vols. New York: Dover Publications, Inc. Zabel, Astrid, and Karin Holm-Müller 2008 "Conservation Performance Payments for Carnivore Conservation in Sweden." Conservation Biology 22/2: 247-251.
  365. Zakin, Susan 1993 Coyotes and Town Dogs: Earth First! and the Environmental Movement. New York: Viking.
  366. Zwinger, Susan 2005 "Why Wild Wolves." In Comeback Wolves: Western Writers Welcome the Wolf Home, ed. by Gary Wockner, Gregory McNamee, and SueEllen Campbell, 24-25. Boulder: Johnson Books.

FAQs

sparkles

AI

What explains historical perceptions of wolves in American culture?add

Wolves historically symbolized wilderness and danger, often associated with human fears of wildness, evidenced by government eradication campaigns in the early 20th century.

How did religious narratives influence wolf reintroduction debates?add

Narratives framing wolves as divine creations evoke differing views on conservation, pitting human-centered ethical concerns against ecological interdependence.

What role does public perception play in wolf reintroduction management?add

Public attitudes often dictate management strategies; a significant backlash against perceived government control can stunt recovery efforts.

What are the ecological implications of Mexican wolf reintroduction?add

The reintroduction aims to restore ecological balance, yet aims for self-sustaining wild populations remain far from current realities.

How do ranchers view the impact of wolves on their livelihoods?add

Many ranchers perceive wolves as direct threats to livestock and livelihoods, prompting tensions with conservation efforts in the Southwest.