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fa

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: Appendix:Variations of "fa"

Languages (61)

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Translingual

Etymology

Clipping of English Farsi, from Persian (fârsi), from Arabic فارسي (fārisiyy).

Symbol

fa

(international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Persian.

See also

Wiktionary’s coverage of Persian terms

English

Alternative forms

fah

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /fɑ/
Audio (Southern England): (file)
Rhymes: -ɑː

Etymology 1

From Glover's solmization, from Middle English fa (“fourth degree or note of Guido of Arezzo's hexachordal scales”), Italian fa in the solmization of Guido of Arezzo, from the first syllable of Latin famulī (“servants”) in the lyrics of the scale-ascending hymn Ut queant laxis by Paulus Deacon.

Noun

fa (plural fas)

(music) A syllable used in solfège to represent the fourth diatonic (or sixth chromatic) note of a major scale.
- 1749, Henry Fielding, “Containing the Arrival of an Irish Gentleman, with very extraordinary Adventures which ensued at the Inn”, in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume IV, London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book X, pages 11–12:
  And now Mrs. Waters (for we muſt confeſs ſhe was in the ſame Bed) being, I ſuppoſe, awakened from her Sleep, and ſeeing two Men fighting in her Bed-chamber, began to ſcream in the moſt violent Manner, crying out Murder! Robbery! and more frequently Rape! which laſt, ſome, perhaps, may wonder ſhe ſhould mention, who do not conſider that theſe Words of Exclamation are uſed by Ladies in a Fright, as Fa, la, la, ra, da, &c. are in Muſic, only as the Vehicles of Sound, and without any fixed Ideas.

Derived terms

Translations

fourth note of a major scale

Arabic: فَا m (fā)
Basque: fa (eu)
Czech: fa (cs)
Dutch: fa (nl) m
Finnish: fa (fi)
French: fa (fr) m
Galician: fa (gl) m
Georgian: ფა (ka) (pa)
Hindi: म (hi) (ma)
Hungarian: fá (hu)
Italian: fa (it) m
Japanese: ファ (ja) (fa)
Korean: 파 (ko) (pa)
Latvian: fa (lv) m
Macedonian: фа (fa)
Russian: фа (ru) n (fa)
Spanish: fa (es)
Thai: ฟา (th) (faa)

See also

musical notes

Etymology 2

Preposition

fa

(informal) Alternative spelling of for.
- 2000, Requiem for a Dream, spoken by Harry Goldfarb (Jared Leto):
  Do ya wanna be a dope fiend fa krist’s sake?

Derived terms

fa shizzle

See also

other terms with "fa", etymologically unrelated

Anagrams

AF, Af, af

Asturian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈfa/ [ˈfa]
Rhymes: -a
Syllabification: fa

Verb

fa

(obsolete or archaic) alternative form of fai

Catalan

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈfa]
Rhymes: -a

Etymology 1

Noun

fa m (plural fas)

(music) fa (fourth note of diatonic scale)

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

fa

third-person singular present indicative of fer

Preposition

fa

ago
fa molts anys...
many years ago...

Interjection

fa

(dialectal) a particle used in some dialects to emphasize a negative sentence
Fa que no es veu!
it’s obvious!
(literally, “it does that it's not seen!”)

Chichewa

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-kúa, potentially from Proto-Atlantic-Congo *kwwú- (“to die”). Cognate with Tumbuka -fwa (“to die”), Yao -wa (“to die”), Nsenga -fwa (“to die”), Nyungwe -fa (“to die”), Swahili -fa (“to die”), Zigula -fa (“to die”), Malawi Lomwe -khwa (“to die”), Lomwe -khwa (“to die”).

Verb

-fa (infinitive kufá)

to die
to have a stroke
to be infertile
to spend or give out money

Derived terms

Verbal derivations:
- Applicative: -fera
- Causative: -fetsa
- Negative: -safa
- Other formations: -fa mutu (“to be amazed, to be stupefied”)

Nominal derivations:
- imfa (“death”)
- kuloŵa kufa (“the practice of making a widow sleep with a man to put her former husband's soul at rest”)

References

Steven Paas (2016), Oxford Chichewa-English/English - Chichewa Dictionary‎^[1], Oxford University Press, page 138

Czech

Noun

fa

abbreviation of firma

Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin fa.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /faː/
Audio: (file)
Hyphenation: fa
Rhymes: -aː

Noun

fa m (plural fa's, diminutive faatje n)

(music) fa (fourth diatonic (or sixth chromatic) musical note)
(music) F (the musical clef or key)

Derived terms

fasleutel

French

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /fa/
Audio (Paris): (file)
Audio (France (Vosges)): (file)
Audio (France (Lyon)): (file)

Noun

fa m (invariable)

(music) fa, the fourth diatonic (or sixth chromatic) note 'F'

Derived terms

clef de fa

Further reading

“fa”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Galician

Noun

fa m (plural fas)

(music) fa (musical note)
(music) F (the musical note or key)

See also

musical solfège notes: notas musicaisedit

Gothic

Romanization

fa

romanization of 𐍆𐌰

Gullah

Etymology

From Mende fa ("A large tree").

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /fɑ/

Noun

fa

a tree, especially a cedar or a cedar-resembling tree

Also see

fuh

References

Lorenzo Dow Turner, Africanisms in the Gullah Dialect (1969)

Gwere

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-kúa

Verb

-fa (infinitive kufa)

to die
to be dysfunctional

Derived terms

-fa kimigiriri (“to endure silenty”)
-fiiriza (“to deprive, to deny”)
-fiirwa (“to suffer loss”)
-fiisya (“to be bereaved”)

References

Lugwere Dictionary‎^[2], SIL International, (Can we date this quote?)

Hadza

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /fa/, [fʷa]

Verb

fa

to drink

Hungarian

Etymology

From Proto-Uralic *puwe. Cognates include Finnish puu.^[1]^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈfɒ]
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -fɒ

Noun

fa (countable and uncountable, plural fák)

tree (large woody plant)
Meronyms: rügy, hajtás, vessző, gally, ág, törzs, gyökér, levél, lomb, korona, termés, gyümölcs
wood (substance beneath the bark of the trunk or branches of a tree)
(graph theory) tree (connected graph with no cycles)
(computing theory) tree (recursive data structure)
(attributive) wooden (made of wood)

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	fa	fák
accusative	fát	fákat
dative	fának	fáknak
instrumental	fával	fákkal
causal-final	fáért	fákért
translative	fává	fákká
terminative	fáig	fákig
essive-formal	faként	fákként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	fában	fákban
superessive	fán	fákon
adessive	fánál	fáknál
illative	fába	fákba
sublative	fára	fákra
allative	fához	fákhoz
elative	fából	fákból
delative	fáról	fákról
ablative	fától	fáktól
non-attributive possessive – singular	fáé	fáké
non-attributive possessive – plural	fáéi	fákéi

Possessive forms of fa
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	fám	fáim
2nd person sing.	fád	fáid
3rd person sing.	fája	fái
1st person plural	fánk	fáink
2nd person plural	fátok	fáitok
3rd person plural	fájuk	fáik

Derived terms

fácska
fás → fáskamra, fáskosár, fásláda;
fásít; fásul → fásult
fátlan

Compound words with this term at the beginning

Compound words with this term at the end―tree species

Compound words with this term at the end―other

Expressions

References

^ Entry #829 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
^ fa in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading

(tree, wood): fa in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
(“fa”, a syllable used in solfège to represent the fourth note of a major scale; alternative form of fá): fa in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
fa in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

Irish

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

fá, ba, badh, budh

Particle

fa (triggers h-prothesis)

obsolete form of ba (“was”) (past affirmative and relative of is).
- 2014 [1628–1634], Geoffrey Keating, edited by Beatrix Färber, David Comyn, Patrick S. Dinneen, Foras Feasa ar Éirinn‎^[3], CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts:
  gurab Alba fá hainm don chrích sin
  that that country’s name was Scotland
- 1939 [c. 13th century], “Bean ós mhnáibh cáich Cailleach Dé”, in Lambert McKenna, editor, Aithdioghluim Dána‎^[4], Dublin:
  Is leomhan Ó mBriun an bhean / siur ga seoladh [ar] a son, / síol na n-ealta fa díon damh, / síol glan nach ba creachta ar gcrodh.
  A lion-hero of the Í Bhriuin is this lady, a sister that guides them by her words; noble the offspring of that flock, my guardians (ensuring) that all I own be safe from harrying.
  (literally, “(…) the seed of the flock which was protection to me, noble seed (…)”)

Related terms

Irish copular forms
simple copular forms
		affirmative	negative	interrogative	negative interrogative
present/future
main clause		is	ní	an	nach
relative clause	direct	is	nach	–
relative clause	indirect	ar, arb^v		–
other subordinate clause		gur, gurb^v		an	nach
past/conditional
main clause		ba, b’^v	níor, níorbh^v	ar, arbh^v	nár, nárbh^v
relative clause	direct	ba, ab^v	nár, nárbh^v	–
relative clause	indirect	ar, arbh^v		–
other subordinate clause		gur, gurbh^v		ar, arbh^v	nár, nárbh^v
present subjunctive
–		gura, gurab^v	nára, nárab^v	–

compound copular forms
base word		present/future		past/conditional
cá		cár, cárb^v		cár, cárbh^v
cé		cér, cérb^v		cér, cérbh^v
dá		–		dá mba, dá mb’^v
de/do		dar, darb^v		dar, darbh^v
faoi		faoinar, faoinarb^v		faoinar, faoinarbh^v
i		inar, inarb^v		inar, inarbh^v
le		lenar, lenarb^v		lenar, lenarbh^v
má		más		má ba, má b’^v
mura		mura, murab^v		murar, murarbh^v
ó (preposition)		ónar, ónarb^v		ónar, ónarbh^v
ó (conjunction)		ós		ó ba, ó b’^v
trí		trínar, trínarb^v		trínar, trínarbh^v

^v Used before vowel sounds

Etymology 2

Preposition

fa (plus dative, triggers lenition)

obsolete form of faoi (“under”)
obsolete form of um (“about, concerning”)

Usage notes

In the meaning about it was followed by a noun in accusative.

Italian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈfa/^*
Rhymes: -a
Hyphenation: fà
Unlike for the musical note below, this word always triggers syntactic gemination. Hence for example fa freddo (“it's cold”, literally “it makes cold”) is pronounced /ˈfa‿fˈfreddo/.

Verb

fa

third-person singular present indicative of fare

Adverb

fa

ago
Synonym: prima

Etymology 2

Italian Wikipedia has an article on:

fa (nota)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈfa/^°
IPA^(key): (traditional) /ˈfa/^*
Rhymes: -a
Hyphenation: fà
Unlike for the verb form and derived adverb, this word (and other terms for musical notes) do not trigger syntactic gemination in modern usage, although they did traditionally. Hence fa sol la (“fa sol la”) is now pronounced /ˈfa ˈsɔl ˈla/, but traditionally /ˈfa‿sˈsɔl ˈla/.

Noun

fa m (invariable)

(music) fa (fourth diatonic (or sixth chromatic) musical note)
F (musical note or key)

Japanese

Romanization

fa

The katakana syllable ファ (fa) in Hepburn-like romanization.

Kabyle

Verb

fa (intensive aorist yettfay, aorist ifa, preterite ifa, negative preterite ifa)

to yawn

Lala (South Africa)

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-kúa.

Verb

-fá

to die

Latvian

Noun

fa m (invariable)

(music) fa, the fourth diatonic (or sixth chromatic) note 'F'.

Luganda

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-kúa.

Verb

-fa (intransitive)

to die
to be killed; be destroyed
to spoil; become useless
to get into trouble; be in a jam
to go sour (e.g. of milk)

References

Snoxall, R. A. (1967), Luganda-English Dictionary - with an Introduction on the Tonal System, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 74
Murphy, John D. (1972), Luganda-English Dictionary, United States: The Catholic University of America Press, →ISBN, page 72
Entry 2089 at Bantu Lexical Reconstructions 3

Mandarin

Romanization

fa (fa⁵ / fa⁰, Zhuyin ˙ㄈㄚ)

Hanyu Pinyin reading of 𠲎

Romanization

fa

nonstandard spelling of fā
nonstandard spelling of fá
nonstandard spelling of fǎ
nonstandard spelling of fà

Usage notes

Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Manx

Etymology

From Old Irish fáth, from Proto-Celtic *wātus (“inspired utterance”) (compare Welsh gwawd (“song, praise, poetry”)), from Proto-Indo-European *weh₂t-.

Noun

fa m (plural [please provide])

reason, cause

Synonyms

oyr

Derived terms

Mutation

Mutation of fa
radical	lenition	eclipsis
fa	a	va

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Manx.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Middle English

Etymology 1

Noun

fa

alternative form of fo

Etymology 2

Adjective

fa

alternative form of fo

Mizo

Etymology

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *θaa, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsəʔ.

Noun

fa

child (of parent(s))
nephew, niece
first cousin once removed
other people the same age as one's own children

Derived terms

Further reading

Lorrain, J. Herbert (1940), “fa”, in Dictionary of the Lushai language, Calcutta: Asiatic Society

Neapolitan

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /fa/
Rhymes: -a

Verb

fa

third-person singular present indicative of fà

Niuean

**Niuean cardinal numbers**
< 3	4	5 >
Cardinal : fa

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *fa, from Proto-Oceanic *pat, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *pat, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *pat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.

Numeral

fa

four

Norman

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Audio (Jersey): (file)

Noun

fa m (plural fas)

(Jersey) suit (clothing)

Synonyms

suit

Northern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-kúa.

Verb

-fá

to die

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Latin famuli, from the first word of the fourth line of Ut queant laxis, the medieval hymn on which solfège was based because its lines started on each note of the scale successively. Through Italian.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /fɑː/
- Audio: (file)

Noun

fa m (definite singular fa-en, indefinite plural fa-ar, definite plural fa-ane)

(music) fa, a syllable used in solfège to represent the fourth diatonic (or sixth chromatic) note of a major scale.

Coordinate terms

(scale of solfège): do, re, mi, fa, sol or so, la, ti, do

References

“fa” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Nyole (Uganda)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-kúa.

Verb

-fa (infinitive ohufa)

to die

Derived terms

-fiira (“to loose for good”)
ehiguudyo hy'ohufa (“death sentence, capital punishment”)
ohufaaho (“to be unconscious, to be in a coma”)
ohufaania (“to regain consciousness; to understand, to recognise, to perceive”)
ohutafa (“to be immortal, to have everlasting life”)

References

Diprose, Martin; Musimami, Sylvester N. M. (2012), Lunyole–English Dictionary‎^[5], SIL International

Nyungwe

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-kúa.

Verb

-fa (infinitive kufa)

to die

Derived terms

impfa (“death”)

References

Wycliffe Bible Translators, ciNyungwe Biblyia, 2019

Old English

Adjective

fā

alternative form of fāh

Old Frisian

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *fą̄han, from Proto-Germanic *fanhaną. Cognates include Old English fōn, Old Saxon fāhan and Old Dutch fān.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈfaː/

Verb

fā

(transitive) to catch

Descendants

North Frisian:
Föhr-Amrum: fu

Mooring: füünj

Sylt: fo
Saterland Frisian: fange
West Frisian: fange

References

Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009), An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

Old Irish

Alternative forms

fá, ba, bá

Etymology

Apparently a derivative of some form of the copula is that is from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /βa/

Conjunction

fa (triggers lenition)

(in indirect interrogative clauses) or

For quotations using this term, see Citations:fa.

Further reading

Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 fa, ba, fo”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) [1909], D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, translation of Handbuch des Alt-Irischen (in German), →ISBN, § 464, page 291; reprinted 2017

Old Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse fá, from Proto-Germanic *fanhaną.

Verb

fā

to seize, take
to get, receive

Conjugation

Conjugation of fā (strong)
active voice	indicative	subjunctive	imperative		indicative	subjunctive
	present				past
infinitive	fā				—
participle	fāndi, -e				fangin (sup. fāt)
iæk	fār, fǣr	fā-, -i, -e	—		fik, fæk	fingi, finge
þū	fār, fǣr	fā-, -i, -e	fā		fikt	fingi, finge
han	fār, fǣr	fā-, -i, -e	—		fik, fæk	fingi, finge
vīr	fām, -um, -om	fām, -um, -om	fām, -um, -om		fingum, fingom	fingum, fingom
īr	fān, -in	fān, -in	fān, -in		fingin	fingin
þēr	fā	fān, -in	—		fingu, fingo	fingin
mediopassive voice	indicative	subjunctive	imperative		indicative	subjunctive
iæk	—	—	—		—	—
þū	—	—	—		—	—
han	—	—	—		—	—
vīr	—	—	—		—	—
īr	—	—	—		—	—
þēr	—	—	—		—	—

Descendants

Swedish: få

Phuthi

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-kúa.

Verb

-fá

to die

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Scots

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /fa/

Pronoun

fa

Doric Scots form of wha (“who”)
Fa's this quine, en?
Who's this girl, then?

Shambala

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-kúa, from Proto-Atlantic-Congo *kwwú- (“to die”). Cognate with Swahili -fa (“to die”), Zigula -fa (“to die”), Chichewa -fa (“to die”), Tumbuka -fwa (“to die”), Yao -wa (“to die”).

Verb

-fa (infinitive kufa, perfect -file)

to die

References

August Seidel (1895), Handbuch der Shambala-sprache in Usambara, Deutsch-Ostafrika. Mit Texten, einem Shambala-Deutschen und einem Deutsch-Shambala-Wörterbuch‎^[6], Dresden-Leipzig, pages 79, 129

Shona

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-kúa.

Verb

-fá (infinitive kufá)

to die

Derived terms

rufu

Sotho

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-páa.

Verb

fa

to give

South Marquesan

**South Marquesan cardinal numbers**
< 3	4	5 >
Cardinal : fa

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *fa, from Proto-Oceanic *pat, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *pat, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *pat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.

Numeral

fa

four

Southern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-kúa.

Verb

-fá

to die

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Spanish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈfa/ [ˈfa]
Rhymes: -a
Syllabification: fa

Noun

fa m (plural fa)

fa (fourth diatonic (or sixth chromatic) musical note)

Derived terms

Interjection

fa

(Argentina) ew, phew (expression of disgust)
Synonyms: puaj, guácala

Verb

fa

inflection of far:

Further reading

“fa”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 10 December 2024

Sranan Tongo

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adverb

fa

how

Derived terms

fa a waka

Conjunction

fa

as soon as

Etymology 2

Short for a phrase such as fa fu yu? or fa a e go?

Interjection

fa?

hi; how are you?; how's it going?

Swahili

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-kúa, potentially from Proto-Atlantic-Congo *kwwú- (“to die”). Cognate with Chichewa -fa (“to die”), Tumbuka -fwa (“to die”), Yao -wa (“to die”), Nsenga -fwa (“to die”), Zulu -fa (“to die”), Rwanda-Rundi -pfa (“to die”), Malawi Lomwe -khwa (“to die”), Lomwe -khwa (“to die”), Nyole (Uganda) -fa (“to die”), Tooro -fa (“to die”).

Pronunciation

Audio (Kenya): (file)

Verb

-fa (infinitive kufa)

to die
Synonyms: see Thesaurus:fa
to stop, come to an end

Conjugation

Conjugation of -fa

Positive present	-nakufa
Subjunctive	-fe
Negative	-fi
Imperative singular	kufa

Infinitives

Positive	kufa
Negative	kutokufa

Imperatives

Singular	kufa
Plural	kufeni

Tensed forms

Habitual	hufa
Positive past	positive subject concord + -likufa
Negative past	negative subject concord + -kufa

Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakufa)
		Singular	Plural
1st person		ninakufa/nakufa	tunakufa
2nd person		unakufa	mnakufa
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	anakufa	wanakufa
3rd person	other classes	positive subject concord + -nakufa

Negative present (negative subject concord + -fi)
		Singular	Plural
1st person		sifi	hatufi
2nd person		hufi	hamfi
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	hafi	hawafi
3rd person	other classes	negative subject concord + -fi

Positive future	positive subject concord + -takufa
Negative future	negative subject concord + -takufa

Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -fe)
		Singular	Plural
1st person		nife	tufe
2nd person		ufe	mfe
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	afe	wafe
3rd person	other classes	positive subject concord + -fe

Negative subjunctive	positive subject concord + -sife
Positive present conditional	positive subject concord + -ngekufa
Negative present conditional	positive subject concord + -singekufa
Positive past conditional	positive subject concord + -ngalikufa
Negative past conditional	positive subject concord + -singalikufa

Gnomic (positive subject concord + -afa)
		Singular	Plural
1st person		nafa	twafa
2nd person		wafa	mwafa
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	afa	wafa
	m-mi_(III/IV)	wafa	yafa
	ji-ma_(V/VI)	lafa	yafa
	ki-vi_(VII/VIII)	chafa	vyafa
	n_(IX/X)	yafa	zafa
	u_(XI)	wafa	see n_(X)* or ma_(VI) class*
	ku_(XV/XVII)	kwafa
	pa_(XVI)	pafa
	mu_(XVIII)	mwafa

Perfect	positive subject concord + -mekufa
"Already"	positive subject concord + -meshakufa
"Not yet"	negative subject concord + -jafa
"If/When"	positive subject concord + -kifa
"If not"	positive subject concord + -sipokufa
Consecutive	kafa / positive subject concord + -kafa
Consecutive subjunctive	positive subject concord + -kafe

Object concord (indicative positive)
		Singular	Plural
1st person		-nifa	-tufa
2nd person		-kufa	-wafa/-kufeni/-wafeni
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	-mfa	-wafa
	m-mi_(III/IV)	-ufa	-ifa
	ji-ma_(V/VI)	-lifa	-yafa
	ki-vi_(VII/VIII)	-kifa	-vifa
	n_(IX/X)	-ifa	-zifa
	u_(XI)	-ufa	see n_(X)* or ma_(VI) class*
	ku_(XV/XVII)	-kufa
	pa_(XVI)	-pafa
	mu_(XVIII)	-mufa
Reflexive		-jifa

Relative forms

General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -fa- + relative marker)
	Singular	Plural
m-wa_(I/II)	-faye	-fao
m-mi_(III/IV)	-fao	-fayo
ji-ma_(V/VI)	-falo	-fayo
ki-vi_(VII/VIII)	-facho	-favyo
n_(IX/X)	-fayo	-fazo
u_(XI)	-fao	see n_(X)* or ma_(VI) class*
ku_(XV/XVII)	-fako
pa_(XVI)	-fapo
mu_(XVIII)	-famo

Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kufa)
	Singular	Plural
m-wa_(I/II)	-yekufa	-okufa
m-mi_(III/IV)	-okufa	-yokufa
ji-ma_(V/VI)	-lokufa	-yokufa
ki-vi_(VII/VIII)	-chokufa	-vyokufa
n_(IX/X)	-yokufa	-zokufa
u_(XI)	-okufa	see n_(X)* or ma_(VI) class*
ku_(XV/XVII)	-kokufa
pa_(XVI)	-pokufa
mu_(XVIII)	-mokufa

Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

Verbal derivations:
- Applicative: -fia
- Causative: -fisha (“murder”)
- Passive: -fiwa (“mourn, be bereaved”)

Nominal derivations:
- kifa (“death”)
- mafa (“cemetery”)

Related terms

-fu (“dead”)
kifo (“death”)
mfu (“dead person”)
ufu (“death”)

See also

-ua (“kill”)

Swazi

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-kúa.

Verb

-fá

(intransitive) to die

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Tarifit

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Verb

fa (Tifinagh spelling ⴼⴰ)

(intransitive) to yawn

Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Tooro

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-kúa.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /fa/

Verb

-fa (infinitive okufa) (intransitive)

to die
Near-synonym: -kaba

Antonym: -omeera
to be destroyed
to stop working
to become useless
1. (of food or drink) to spoil, to go bad
2. (of crops) to fail
3. to become blunt

Usage notes

This verb supports at least two perfective stems: -fiire and -fwire; the former is more widely used.

Conjugation

With -fiire:

Conjugation of -fa

infinitives

affirmative

negative

imperatives

affirmative

fa

negative

(see second-person negative subjunctive forms)

tense

polarity

basic forms

relative forms¹

present habitual

affirmative

*subject concord* + -fa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nfa	tufa
second person		ofa	mufa
third person	1/2	afa	bafa
	3/4	gufa	efa
	5/6	lifa	gafa
	7/8	kifa	bifa
	9/10	efa	zifa
	11/10	rufa	zifa
	12/14	kafa	bufa
	13	—	tufa
	14/6	bufa	gafa
	15/6	kufa	gafa
	16	hafa	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -fa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinfa	titufa
second person		tofa	timufa
third person	1/2	tafa	tibafa
	3/4	tigufa	tefa
	5/6	tirifa	tigafa
	7/8	tikifa	tibifa
	9/10	tefa	tizifa
	11/10	tirufa	tizifa
	12/14	tikafa	tibufa
	13	—	titufa
	14/6	tibufa	tigafa
	15/6	tikufa	tigafa
	16	tihafa	—

subject concord + -tafa

present continuous

affirmative

ni- + *subject concord* + -fa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ninfa	nitufa
second person		noofa	nimufa
third person	1/2	naafa	nibafa
	3/4	nigufa	neefa
	5/6	nirifa	nigafa
	7/8	nikifa	nibifa
	9/10	neefa	nizifa
	11/10	nirufa	nizifa
	12/14	nikafa	nibufa
	13	—	nitufa
	14/6	nibufa	nigafa
	15/6	nikufa	nigafa
	16	nihafa	—

subject concord + -rukufa

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -rukufa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tindukufa	titurukufa
second person		torukufa	timurukufa
third person	1/2	tarukufa	tibarukufa
	3/4	tigurukufa	terukufa
	5/6	tirirukufa	tigarukufa
	7/8	tikirukufa	tibirukufa
	9/10	terukufa	tizirukufa
	11/10	tirurukufa	tizirukufa
	12/14	tikarukufa	tiburukufa
	13	—	titurukufa
	14/6	tiburukufa	tigarukufa
	15/6	tikurukufa	tigarukufa
	16	tiharukufa	—

subject concord + -tarukufa

present continuative

affirmative

ni- + *subject concord* + -kyafa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ninkyafa	nitukyafa
second person		nookyafa	nimukyafa
third person	1/2	naakyafa	nibakyafa
	3/4	nigukyafa	neekyafa
	5/6	nirikyafa	nigakyafa
	7/8	nikikyafa	nibikyafa
	9/10	neekyafa	nizikyafa
	11/10	nirukyafa	nizikyafa
	12/14	nikakyafa	nibukyafa
	13	—	nitukyafa
	14/6	nibukyafa	nigakyafa
	15/6	nikukyafa	nigakyafa
	16	nihakyafa	—

subject concord + -rukukyafa

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -kyafa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinkyafa	titukyafa
second person		tokyafa	timukyafa
third person	1/2	takyafa	tibakyafa
	3/4	tigukyafa	tekyafa
	5/6	tirikyafa	tigakyafa
	7/8	tikikyafa	tibikyafa
	9/10	tekyafa	tizikyafa
	11/10	tirukyafa	tizikyafa
	12/14	tikakyafa	tibukyafa
	13	—	titukyafa
	14/6	tibukyafa	tigakyafa
	15/6	tikukyafa	tigakyafa
	16	tihakyafa	—

subject concord + -takyafa

virtual present

affirmative

*subject concord* + -afa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nafa	twafa
second person		wafa	mwafa
third person	1/2	yafa	baafa
	3/4	gwafa	yafa
	5/6	lyafa	gaafa
	7/8	kyafa	byafa
	9/10	yafa	zaafa
	11/10	rwafa	zaafa
	12/14	kaafa	bwafa
	13	—	twafa
	14/6	bwafa	gaafa
	15/6	kwafa	gaafa
	16	haafa	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + afa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinafa	titwafa
second person		tiwafa	timwafa
third person	1/2	tiyafa	tibaafa
	3/4	tigwafa	tiyafa
	5/6	tiryafa	tigaafa
	7/8	tikyafa	tibyafa
	9/10	tiyafa	tizaafa
	11/10	tirwafa	tizaafa
	12/14	tikaafa	tibwafa
	13	—	titwafa
	14/6	tibwafa	tigaafa
	15/6	tikwafa	tigaafa
	16	tihaafa	—

subject concord + -taafa

present perfect

affirmative

*subject concord* + -fiire
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nfiire	tufiire
second person		ofiire	mufiire
third person	1/2	afiire	bafiire
	3/4	gufiire	efiire
	5/6	lifiire	gafiire
	7/8	kifiire	bifiire
	9/10	efiire	zifiire
	11/10	rufiire	zifiire
	12/14	kafiire	bufiire
	13	—	tufiire
	14/6	bufiire	gafiire
	15/6	kufiire	gafiire
	16	hafiire	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -fiire
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinfiire	titufiire
second person		tofiire	timufiire
third person	1/2	tafiire	tibafiire
	3/4	tigufiire	tefiire
	5/6	tirifiire	tigafiire
	7/8	tikifiire	tibifiire
	9/10	tefiire	tizifiire
	11/10	tirufiire	tizifiire
	12/14	tikafiire	tibufiire
	13	—	titufiire
	14/6	tibufiire	tigafiire
	15/6	tikufiire	tigafiire
	16	tihafiire	—

subject concord + -tafiire

near perfective

affirmative

*subject concord* + -akafa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nakafa	twakafa
second person		wakafa	mwakafa
third person	1/2	yakafa	baakafa
	3/4	gwakafa	yakafa
	5/6	lyakafa	gaakafa
	7/8	kyakafa	byakafa
	9/10	yakafa	zaakafa
	11/10	rwakafa	zaakafa
	12/14	kaakafa	bwakafa
	13	—	twakafa
	14/6	bwakafa	gaakafa
	15/6	kwakafa	gaakafa
	16	haakafa	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -kafiire
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinkafiire	titukafiire
second person		tokafiire	timukafiire
third person	1/2	takafiire	tibakafiire
	3/4	tigukafiire	tekafiire
	5/6	tirikafiire	tigakafiire
	7/8	tikikafiire	tibikafiire
	9/10	tekafiire	tizikafiire
	11/10	tirukafiire	tizikafiire
	12/14	tikakafiire	tibukafiire
	13	—	titukafiire
	14/6	tibukafiire	tigakafiire
	15/6	tikukafiire	tigakafiire
	16	tihakafiire	—

subject concord + -takafiire

near past

affirmative

*subject concord* + -fiirege
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nfiirege	tufiirege
second person		ofiirege	mufiirege
third person	1/2	afiirege	bafiirege
	3/4	gufiirege	efiirege
	5/6	lifiirege	gafiirege
	7/8	kifiirege	bifiirege
	9/10	efiirege	zifiirege
	11/10	rufiirege	zifiirege
	12/14	kafiirege	bufiirege
	13	—	tufiirege
	14/6	bufiirege	gafiirege
	15/6	kufiirege	gafiirege
	16	hafiirege	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -fiirege
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinfiirege	titufiirege
second person		tofiirege	timufiirege
third person	1/2	tafiirege	tibafiirege
	3/4	tigufiirege	tefiirege
	5/6	tirifiirege	tigafiirege
	7/8	tikifiirege	tibifiirege
	9/10	tefiirege	tizifiirege
	11/10	tirufiirege	tizifiirege
	12/14	tikafiirege	tibufiirege
	13	—	titufiirege
	14/6	tibufiirege	tigafiirege
	15/6	tikufiirege	tigafiirege
	16	tihafiirege	—

subject concord + -tafiirege

remote past

affirmative

*subject concord* + -kafa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nkafa	tukafa
second person		okafa	mukafa
third person	1/2	akafa	bakafa
	3/4	gukafa	ekafa
	5/6	likafa	gakafa
	7/8	kikafa	bikafa
	9/10	ekafa	zikafa
	11/10	rukafa	zikafa
	12/14	kakafa	bukafa
	13	—	tukafa
	14/6	bukafa	gakafa
	15/6	kukafa	gakafa
	16	hakafa	—

subject concord + -afiire

negative

*subject concord* + -tafe
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ntafe	tutafe
second person		otafe	mutafe
third person	1/2	atafe	batafe
	3/4	gutafe	etafe
	5/6	litafe	gatafe
	7/8	kitafe	bitafe
	9/10	etafe	ziitafe
	11/10	rutafe	ziitafe
	12/14	katafe	butafe
	13	—	tutafe
	14/6	butafe	gatafe
	15/6	kutafe	gatafe
	16	hatafe	—

subject concord + -tarafiire

experiential perfective

affirmative

*subject concord* + -rafiire
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ndafiire	turafiire
second person		orafiire	murafiire
third person	1/2	arafiire	barafiire
	3/4	gurafiire	erafiire
	5/6	lirafiire	garafiire
	7/8	kirafiire	birafiire
	9/10	erafiire	zirafiire
	11/10	rurafiire	zirafiire
	12/14	karafiire	burafiire
	13	—	turafiire
	14/6	burafiire	garafiire
	15/6	kurafiire	garafiire
	16	harafiire	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -kafaaga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinkafaaga	titukafaaga
second person		tokafaaga	timukafaaga
third person	1/2	takafaaga	tibakafaaga
	3/4	tigukafaaga	tekafaaga
	5/6	tirikafaaga	tigakafaaga
	7/8	tikikafaaga	tibikafaaga
	9/10	tekafaaga	tizikafaaga
	11/10	tirukafaaga	tizikafaaga
	12/14	tikakafaaga	tibukafaaga
	13	—	titukafaaga
	14/6	tibukafaaga	tigakafaaga
	15/6	tikukafaaga	tigakafaaga
	16	tihakafaaga	—

subject concord + -takafaaga

cessative perfective

affirmative

*subject concord* + -aafiire
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		naafiire	twafiire
second person		waafiire	mwafiire
third person	1/2	yaafiire	baafiire
	3/4	gwafiire	yaafiire
	5/6	lyafiire	gaafiire
	7/8	kyafiire	byafiire
	9/10	yaafiire	zaafiire
	11/10	rwafiire	zaafiire
	12/14	kaafiire	bwafiire
	13	—	twafiire
	14/6	bwafiire	gaafiire
	15/6	kwafiire	gaafiire
	16	haafiire	—

past habitual

affirmative

*subject concord* + -afaaga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nafaaga	twafaaga
second person		wafaaga	mwafaaga
third person	1/2	yafaaga	baafaaga
	3/4	gwafaaga	yafaaga
	5/6	lyafaaga	gaafaaga
	7/8	kyafaaga	byafaaga
	9/10	yafaaga	zaafaaga
	11/10	rwafaaga	zaafaaga
	12/14	kaafaaga	bwafaaga
	13	—	twafaaga
	14/6	bwafaaga	gaafaaga
	15/6	kwafaaga	gaafaaga
	16	haafaaga	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + afaaga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinafaaga	titwafaaga
second person		tiwafaaga	timwafaaga
third person	1/2	tiyafaaga	tibaafaaga
	3/4	tigwafaaga	tiyafaaga
	5/6	tiryafaaga	tigaafaaga
	7/8	tikyafaaga	tibyafaaga
	9/10	tiyafaaga	tizaafaaga
	11/10	tirwafaaga	tizaafaaga
	12/14	tikaafaaga	tibwafaaga
	13	—	titwafaaga
	14/6	tibwafaaga	tigaafaaga
	15/6	tikwafaaga	tigaafaaga
	16	tihaafaaga	—

subject concord + -taafaaga

near future

affirmative

*subject concord* + -raafa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ndaafa	turaafa
second person		oraafa	muraafa
third person	1/2	araafa	baraafa
	3/4	guraafa	eraafa
	5/6	liraafa	garaafa
	7/8	kiraafa	biraafa
	9/10	eraafa	ziraafa
	11/10	ruraafa	ziraafa
	12/14	karaafa	buraafa
	13	—	turaafa
	14/6	buraafa	garaafa
	15/6	kuraafa	garaafa
	16	haraafa	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -aafe
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinaafe	titwafe
second person		tiwaafe	timwafe
third person	1/2	tiyaafe	tibaafe
	3/4	tigwafe	tiyaafe
	5/6	tiryafe	tigaafe
	7/8	tikyafe	tibyafe
	9/10	tiyaafe	tizaafe
	11/10	tirwafe	tizaafe
	12/14	tikaafe	tibwafe
	13	—	titwafe
	14/6	tibwafe	tigaafe
	15/6	tikwafe	tigaafe
	16	tihaafe	—

subject concord + -taafe

remote future

affirmative

*subject concord* + -lifa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ndifa	tulifa
second person		olifa	mulifa
third person	1/2	alifa	balifa
	3/4	gulifa	erifa
	5/6	lirifa	galifa
	7/8	kirifa	birifa
	9/10	erifa	zirifa
	11/10	rulifa	zirifa
	12/14	kalifa	bulifa
	13	—	tulifa
	14/6	bulifa	galifa
	15/6	kulifa	galifa
	16	halifa	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -lifa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tindifa	titulifa
second person		tolifa	timulifa
third person	1/2	talifa	tibalifa
	3/4	tigulifa	terifa
	5/6	tiririfa	tigalifa
	7/8	tikirifa	tibirifa
	9/10	terifa	tizirifa
	11/10	tirulifa	tizirifa
	12/14	tikalifa	tibulifa
	13	—	titulifa
	14/6	tibulifa	tigalifa
	15/6	tikulifa	tigalifa
	16	tihalifa	—

subject concord + -talifa

future habitual

affirmative

*subject concord* + -raafaaga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ndaafaaga	turaafaaga
second person		oraafaaga	muraafaaga
third person	1/2	araafaaga	baraafaaga
	3/4	guraafaaga	eraafaaga
	5/6	liraafaaga	garaafaaga
	7/8	kiraafaaga	biraafaaga
	9/10	eraafaaga	ziraafaaga
	11/10	ruraafaaga	ziraafaaga
	12/14	karaafaaga	buraafaaga
	13	—	turaafaaga
	14/6	buraafaaga	garaafaaga
	15/6	kuraafaaga	garaafaaga
	16	haraafaaga	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -aafeege
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinaafeege	titwafeege
second person		tiwaafeege	timwafeege
third person	1/2	tiyaafeege	tibaafeege
	3/4	tigwafeege	tiyaafeege
	5/6	tiryafeege	tigaafeege
	7/8	tikyafeege	tibyafeege
	9/10	tiyaafeege	tizaafeege
	11/10	tirwafeege	tizaafeege
	12/14	tikaafeege	tibwafeege
	13	—	titwafeege
	14/6	tibwafeege	tigaafeege
	15/6	tikwafeege	tigaafeege
	16	tihaafeege	—

subject concord + -taafeege

subjunctive

affirmative

*subject concord* + fe
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nfe	tufe
second person		ofe	mufe
third person	1/2	afe	bafe
	3/4	gufe	efe
	5/6	life	gafe
	7/8	kife	bife
	9/10	efe	zife
	11/10	rufe	zife
	12/14	kafe	bufe
	13	—	tufe
	14/6	bufe	gafe
	15/6	kufe	gafe
	16	hafe	—

negative

*subject concord* + -tafa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ntafa	tutafa
second person		otafa	mutafa
third person	1/2	atafa	batafa
	3/4	gutafa	etafa
	5/6	litafa	gatafa
	7/8	kitafa	bitafa
	9/10	etafa	zitafa
	11/10	rutafa	zitafa
	12/14	katafa	butafa
	13	—	tutafa
	14/6	butafa	gatafa
	15/6	kutafa	gatafa
	16	hatafa	—

—

subjunctive habitual

affirmative

*subject concord* + feege
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nfeege	tufeege
second person		ofeege	mufeege
third person	1/2	afeege	bafeege
	3/4	gufeege	efeege
	5/6	lifeege	gafeege
	7/8	kifeege	bifeege
	9/10	efeege	zifeege
	11/10	rufeege	zifeege
	12/14	kafeege	bufeege
	13	—	tufeege
	14/6	bufeege	gafeege
	15/6	kufeege	gafeege
	16	hafeege	—

hypothetical

affirmative

*subject concord* + -aakufa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		naakufa	twakufa
second person		waakufa	mwakufa
third person	1/2	yaakufa	baakufa
	3/4	gwakufa	yaakufa
	5/6	lyakufa	gaakufa
	7/8	kyakufa	byakufa
	9/10	yaakufa	zaakufa
	11/10	rwakufa	zaakufa
	12/14	kaakufa	bwakufa
	13	—	twakufa
	14/6	bwakufa	gaakufa
	15/6	kwakufa	gaakufa
	16	haakufa	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -aakufa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinaakufa	titwakufa
second person		tiwaakufa	timwakufa
third person	1/2	tiyaakufa	tibaakufa
	3/4	tigwakufa	tiyaakufa
	5/6	tiryakufa	tigaakufa
	7/8	tikyakufa	tibyakufa
	9/10	tiyaakufa	tizaakufa
	11/10	tirwakufa	tizaakufa
	12/14	tikaakufa	tibwakufa
	13	—	titwakufa
	14/6	tibwakufa	tigaakufa
	15/6	tikwakufa	tigaakufa
	16	tihaakufa	—

subject concord + -taakufa

conditional

affirmative

*subject concord* + -aakufiire
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		naakufiire	twakufiire
second person		waakufiire	mwakufiire
third person	1/2	yaakufiire	baakufiire
	3/4	gwakufiire	yaakufiire
	5/6	lyakufiire	gaakufiire
	7/8	kyakufiire	byakufiire
	9/10	yaakufiire	zaakufiire
	11/10	rwakufiire	zaakufiire
	12/14	kaakufiire	bwakufiire
	13	—	twakufiire
	14/6	bwakufiire	gaakufiire
	15/6	kwakufiire	gaakufiire
	16	haakufiire	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -aakufiire
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinaakufiire	titwakufiire
second person		tiwaakufiire	timwakufiire
third person	1/2	tiyaakufiire	tibaakufiire
	3/4	tigwakufiire	tiyaakufiire
	5/6	tiryakufiire	tigaakufiire
	7/8	tikyakufiire	tibyakufiire
	9/10	tiyaakufiire	tizaakufiire
	11/10	tirwakufiire	tizaakufiire
	12/14	tikaakufiire	tibwakufiire
	13	—	titwakufiire
	14/6	tibwakufiire	tigaakufiire
	15/6	tikwakufiire	tigaakufiire
	16	tihaakufiire	—

subject concord + -taakufiire

object concords
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		-nfa	-tufa
second person		-kufa	-bafa
third person	1/2	-mufa	-bafa
	3/4	-gufa	-gifa
	5/6	-lifa	-gafa
	7/8	-kifa	-bifa
	9/10	-gifa	-zifa
	11/10	-rufa	-zifa
	12/14	-kafa	-bufa
	13	—	-tufa
	14/6	-bufa	-gafa
	15/6	-kufa	-gafa
	16	-hafa	—

¹ The forms in this column are reduced relative forms; full relative forms require an augment before the subject concord.

With -fwire:

Conjugation of -fa

infinitives

affirmative

negative

imperatives

affirmative

fa

negative

(see second-person negative subjunctive forms)

tense

polarity

basic forms

relative forms¹

present habitual

affirmative

*subject concord* + -fa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nfa	tufa
second person		ofa	mufa
third person	1/2	afa	bafa
	3/4	gufa	efa
	5/6	lifa	gafa
	7/8	kifa	bifa
	9/10	efa	zifa
	11/10	rufa	zifa
	12/14	kafa	bufa
	13	—	tufa
	14/6	bufa	gafa
	15/6	kufa	gafa
	16	hafa	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -fa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinfa	titufa
second person		tofa	timufa
third person	1/2	tafa	tibafa
	3/4	tigufa	tefa
	5/6	tirifa	tigafa
	7/8	tikifa	tibifa
	9/10	tefa	tizifa
	11/10	tirufa	tizifa
	12/14	tikafa	tibufa
	13	—	titufa
	14/6	tibufa	tigafa
	15/6	tikufa	tigafa
	16	tihafa	—

subject concord + -tafa

present continuous

affirmative

ni- + *subject concord* + -fa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ninfa	nitufa
second person		noofa	nimufa
third person	1/2	naafa	nibafa
	3/4	nigufa	neefa
	5/6	nirifa	nigafa
	7/8	nikifa	nibifa
	9/10	neefa	nizifa
	11/10	nirufa	nizifa
	12/14	nikafa	nibufa
	13	—	nitufa
	14/6	nibufa	nigafa
	15/6	nikufa	nigafa
	16	nihafa	—

subject concord + -rukufa

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -rukufa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tindukufa	titurukufa
second person		torukufa	timurukufa
third person	1/2	tarukufa	tibarukufa
	3/4	tigurukufa	terukufa
	5/6	tirirukufa	tigarukufa
	7/8	tikirukufa	tibirukufa
	9/10	terukufa	tizirukufa
	11/10	tirurukufa	tizirukufa
	12/14	tikarukufa	tiburukufa
	13	—	titurukufa
	14/6	tiburukufa	tigarukufa
	15/6	tikurukufa	tigarukufa
	16	tiharukufa	—

subject concord + -tarukufa

present continuative

affirmative

ni- + *subject concord* + -kyafa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ninkyafa	nitukyafa
second person		nookyafa	nimukyafa
third person	1/2	naakyafa	nibakyafa
	3/4	nigukyafa	neekyafa
	5/6	nirikyafa	nigakyafa
	7/8	nikikyafa	nibikyafa
	9/10	neekyafa	nizikyafa
	11/10	nirukyafa	nizikyafa
	12/14	nikakyafa	nibukyafa
	13	—	nitukyafa
	14/6	nibukyafa	nigakyafa
	15/6	nikukyafa	nigakyafa
	16	nihakyafa	—

subject concord + -rukukyafa

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -kyafa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinkyafa	titukyafa
second person		tokyafa	timukyafa
third person	1/2	takyafa	tibakyafa
	3/4	tigukyafa	tekyafa
	5/6	tirikyafa	tigakyafa
	7/8	tikikyafa	tibikyafa
	9/10	tekyafa	tizikyafa
	11/10	tirukyafa	tizikyafa
	12/14	tikakyafa	tibukyafa
	13	—	titukyafa
	14/6	tibukyafa	tigakyafa
	15/6	tikukyafa	tigakyafa
	16	tihakyafa	—

subject concord + -takyafa

virtual present

affirmative

*subject concord* + -afa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nafa	twafa
second person		wafa	mwafa
third person	1/2	yafa	baafa
	3/4	gwafa	yafa
	5/6	lyafa	gaafa
	7/8	kyafa	byafa
	9/10	yafa	zaafa
	11/10	rwafa	zaafa
	12/14	kaafa	bwafa
	13	—	twafa
	14/6	bwafa	gaafa
	15/6	kwafa	gaafa
	16	haafa	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + afa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinafa	titwafa
second person		tiwafa	timwafa
third person	1/2	tiyafa	tibaafa
	3/4	tigwafa	tiyafa
	5/6	tiryafa	tigaafa
	7/8	tikyafa	tibyafa
	9/10	tiyafa	tizaafa
	11/10	tirwafa	tizaafa
	12/14	tikaafa	tibwafa
	13	—	titwafa
	14/6	tibwafa	tigaafa
	15/6	tikwafa	tigaafa
	16	tihaafa	—

subject concord + -taafa

present perfect

affirmative

*subject concord* + -fwire
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nfwire	tufwire
second person		ofwire	mufwire
third person	1/2	afwire	bafwire
	3/4	gufwire	efwire
	5/6	lifwire	gafwire
	7/8	kifwire	bifwire
	9/10	efwire	zifwire
	11/10	rufwire	zifwire
	12/14	kafwire	bufwire
	13	—	tufwire
	14/6	bufwire	gafwire
	15/6	kufwire	gafwire
	16	hafwire	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -fwire
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinfwire	titufwire
second person		tofwire	timufwire
third person	1/2	tafwire	tibafwire
	3/4	tigufwire	tefwire
	5/6	tirifwire	tigafwire
	7/8	tikifwire	tibifwire
	9/10	tefwire	tizifwire
	11/10	tirufwire	tizifwire
	12/14	tikafwire	tibufwire
	13	—	titufwire
	14/6	tibufwire	tigafwire
	15/6	tikufwire	tigafwire
	16	tihafwire	—

subject concord + -tafwire

near perfective

affirmative

*subject concord* + -akafa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nakafa	twakafa
second person		wakafa	mwakafa
third person	1/2	yakafa	baakafa
	3/4	gwakafa	yakafa
	5/6	lyakafa	gaakafa
	7/8	kyakafa	byakafa
	9/10	yakafa	zaakafa
	11/10	rwakafa	zaakafa
	12/14	kaakafa	bwakafa
	13	—	twakafa
	14/6	bwakafa	gaakafa
	15/6	kwakafa	gaakafa
	16	haakafa	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -kafwire
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinkafwire	titukafwire
second person		tokafwire	timukafwire
third person	1/2	takafwire	tibakafwire
	3/4	tigukafwire	tekafwire
	5/6	tirikafwire	tigakafwire
	7/8	tikikafwire	tibikafwire
	9/10	tekafwire	tizikafwire
	11/10	tirukafwire	tizikafwire
	12/14	tikakafwire	tibukafwire
	13	—	titukafwire
	14/6	tibukafwire	tigakafwire
	15/6	tikukafwire	tigakafwire
	16	tihakafwire	—

subject concord + -takafwire

near past

affirmative

*subject concord* + -fwirege
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nfwirege	tufwirege
second person		ofwirege	mufwirege
third person	1/2	afwirege	bafwirege
	3/4	gufwirege	efwirege
	5/6	lifwirege	gafwirege
	7/8	kifwirege	bifwirege
	9/10	efwirege	zifwirege
	11/10	rufwirege	zifwirege
	12/14	kafwirege	bufwirege
	13	—	tufwirege
	14/6	bufwirege	gafwirege
	15/6	kufwirege	gafwirege
	16	hafwirege	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -fwirege
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinfwirege	titufwirege
second person		tofwirege	timufwirege
third person	1/2	tafwirege	tibafwirege
	3/4	tigufwirege	tefwirege
	5/6	tirifwirege	tigafwirege
	7/8	tikifwirege	tibifwirege
	9/10	tefwirege	tizifwirege
	11/10	tirufwirege	tizifwirege
	12/14	tikafwirege	tibufwirege
	13	—	titufwirege
	14/6	tibufwirege	tigafwirege
	15/6	tikufwirege	tigafwirege
	16	tihafwirege	—

subject concord + -tafwirege

remote past

affirmative

*subject concord* + -kafa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nkafa	tukafa
second person		okafa	mukafa
third person	1/2	akafa	bakafa
	3/4	gukafa	ekafa
	5/6	likafa	gakafa
	7/8	kikafa	bikafa
	9/10	ekafa	zikafa
	11/10	rukafa	zikafa
	12/14	kakafa	bukafa
	13	—	tukafa
	14/6	bukafa	gakafa
	15/6	kukafa	gakafa
	16	hakafa	—

subject concord + -afwire

negative

*subject concord* + -tafe
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ntafe	tutafe
second person		otafe	mutafe
third person	1/2	atafe	batafe
	3/4	gutafe	etafe
	5/6	litafe	gatafe
	7/8	kitafe	bitafe
	9/10	etafe	ziitafe
	11/10	rutafe	ziitafe
	12/14	katafe	butafe
	13	—	tutafe
	14/6	butafe	gatafe
	15/6	kutafe	gatafe
	16	hatafe	—

subject concord + -tarafwire

experiential perfective

affirmative

*subject concord* + -rafwire
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ndafwire	turafwire
second person		orafwire	murafwire
third person	1/2	arafwire	barafwire
	3/4	gurafwire	erafwire
	5/6	lirafwire	garafwire
	7/8	kirafwire	birafwire
	9/10	erafwire	zirafwire
	11/10	rurafwire	zirafwire
	12/14	karafwire	burafwire
	13	—	turafwire
	14/6	burafwire	garafwire
	15/6	kurafwire	garafwire
	16	harafwire	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -kafaaga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinkafaaga	titukafaaga
second person		tokafaaga	timukafaaga
third person	1/2	takafaaga	tibakafaaga
	3/4	tigukafaaga	tekafaaga
	5/6	tirikafaaga	tigakafaaga
	7/8	tikikafaaga	tibikafaaga
	9/10	tekafaaga	tizikafaaga
	11/10	tirukafaaga	tizikafaaga
	12/14	tikakafaaga	tibukafaaga
	13	—	titukafaaga
	14/6	tibukafaaga	tigakafaaga
	15/6	tikukafaaga	tigakafaaga
	16	tihakafaaga	—

subject concord + -takafaaga

cessative perfective

affirmative

*subject concord* + -aafwire
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		naafwire	twafwire
second person		waafwire	mwafwire
third person	1/2	yaafwire	baafwire
	3/4	gwafwire	yaafwire
	5/6	lyafwire	gaafwire
	7/8	kyafwire	byafwire
	9/10	yaafwire	zaafwire
	11/10	rwafwire	zaafwire
	12/14	kaafwire	bwafwire
	13	—	twafwire
	14/6	bwafwire	gaafwire
	15/6	kwafwire	gaafwire
	16	haafwire	—

past habitual

affirmative

*subject concord* + -afaaga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nafaaga	twafaaga
second person		wafaaga	mwafaaga
third person	1/2	yafaaga	baafaaga
	3/4	gwafaaga	yafaaga
	5/6	lyafaaga	gaafaaga
	7/8	kyafaaga	byafaaga
	9/10	yafaaga	zaafaaga
	11/10	rwafaaga	zaafaaga
	12/14	kaafaaga	bwafaaga
	13	—	twafaaga
	14/6	bwafaaga	gaafaaga
	15/6	kwafaaga	gaafaaga
	16	haafaaga	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + afaaga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinafaaga	titwafaaga
second person		tiwafaaga	timwafaaga
third person	1/2	tiyafaaga	tibaafaaga
	3/4	tigwafaaga	tiyafaaga
	5/6	tiryafaaga	tigaafaaga
	7/8	tikyafaaga	tibyafaaga
	9/10	tiyafaaga	tizaafaaga
	11/10	tirwafaaga	tizaafaaga
	12/14	tikaafaaga	tibwafaaga
	13	—	titwafaaga
	14/6	tibwafaaga	tigaafaaga
	15/6	tikwafaaga	tigaafaaga
	16	tihaafaaga	—

subject concord + -taafaaga

near future

affirmative

*subject concord* + -raafa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ndaafa	turaafa
second person		oraafa	muraafa
third person	1/2	araafa	baraafa
	3/4	guraafa	eraafa
	5/6	liraafa	garaafa
	7/8	kiraafa	biraafa
	9/10	eraafa	ziraafa
	11/10	ruraafa	ziraafa
	12/14	karaafa	buraafa
	13	—	turaafa
	14/6	buraafa	garaafa
	15/6	kuraafa	garaafa
	16	haraafa	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -aafe
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinaafe	titwafe
second person		tiwaafe	timwafe
third person	1/2	tiyaafe	tibaafe
	3/4	tigwafe	tiyaafe
	5/6	tiryafe	tigaafe
	7/8	tikyafe	tibyafe
	9/10	tiyaafe	tizaafe
	11/10	tirwafe	tizaafe
	12/14	tikaafe	tibwafe
	13	—	titwafe
	14/6	tibwafe	tigaafe
	15/6	tikwafe	tigaafe
	16	tihaafe	—

subject concord + -taafe

remote future

affirmative

*subject concord* + -lifa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ndifa	tulifa
second person		olifa	mulifa
third person	1/2	alifa	balifa
	3/4	gulifa	erifa
	5/6	lirifa	galifa
	7/8	kirifa	birifa
	9/10	erifa	zirifa
	11/10	rulifa	zirifa
	12/14	kalifa	bulifa
	13	—	tulifa
	14/6	bulifa	galifa
	15/6	kulifa	galifa
	16	halifa	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -lifa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tindifa	titulifa
second person		tolifa	timulifa
third person	1/2	talifa	tibalifa
	3/4	tigulifa	terifa
	5/6	tiririfa	tigalifa
	7/8	tikirifa	tibirifa
	9/10	terifa	tizirifa
	11/10	tirulifa	tizirifa
	12/14	tikalifa	tibulifa
	13	—	titulifa
	14/6	tibulifa	tigalifa
	15/6	tikulifa	tigalifa
	16	tihalifa	—

subject concord + -talifa

future habitual

affirmative

*subject concord* + -raafaaga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ndaafaaga	turaafaaga
second person		oraafaaga	muraafaaga
third person	1/2	araafaaga	baraafaaga
	3/4	guraafaaga	eraafaaga
	5/6	liraafaaga	garaafaaga
	7/8	kiraafaaga	biraafaaga
	9/10	eraafaaga	ziraafaaga
	11/10	ruraafaaga	ziraafaaga
	12/14	karaafaaga	buraafaaga
	13	—	turaafaaga
	14/6	buraafaaga	garaafaaga
	15/6	kuraafaaga	garaafaaga
	16	haraafaaga	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -aafeege
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinaafeege	titwafeege
second person		tiwaafeege	timwafeege
third person	1/2	tiyaafeege	tibaafeege
	3/4	tigwafeege	tiyaafeege
	5/6	tiryafeege	tigaafeege
	7/8	tikyafeege	tibyafeege
	9/10	tiyaafeege	tizaafeege
	11/10	tirwafeege	tizaafeege
	12/14	tikaafeege	tibwafeege
	13	—	titwafeege
	14/6	tibwafeege	tigaafeege
	15/6	tikwafeege	tigaafeege
	16	tihaafeege	—

subject concord + -taafeege

subjunctive

affirmative

*subject concord* + fe
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nfe	tufe
second person		ofe	mufe
third person	1/2	afe	bafe
	3/4	gufe	efe
	5/6	life	gafe
	7/8	kife	bife
	9/10	efe	zife
	11/10	rufe	zife
	12/14	kafe	bufe
	13	—	tufe
	14/6	bufe	gafe
	15/6	kufe	gafe
	16	hafe	—

negative

*subject concord* + -tafa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ntafa	tutafa
second person		otafa	mutafa
third person	1/2	atafa	batafa
	3/4	gutafa	etafa
	5/6	litafa	gatafa
	7/8	kitafa	bitafa
	9/10	etafa	zitafa
	11/10	rutafa	zitafa
	12/14	katafa	butafa
	13	—	tutafa
	14/6	butafa	gatafa
	15/6	kutafa	gatafa
	16	hatafa	—

—

subjunctive habitual

affirmative

*subject concord* + feege
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nfeege	tufeege
second person		ofeege	mufeege
third person	1/2	afeege	bafeege
	3/4	gufeege	efeege
	5/6	lifeege	gafeege
	7/8	kifeege	bifeege
	9/10	efeege	zifeege
	11/10	rufeege	zifeege
	12/14	kafeege	bufeege
	13	—	tufeege
	14/6	bufeege	gafeege
	15/6	kufeege	gafeege
	16	hafeege	—

hypothetical

affirmative

*subject concord* + -aakufa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		naakufa	twakufa
second person		waakufa	mwakufa
third person	1/2	yaakufa	baakufa
	3/4	gwakufa	yaakufa
	5/6	lyakufa	gaakufa
	7/8	kyakufa	byakufa
	9/10	yaakufa	zaakufa
	11/10	rwakufa	zaakufa
	12/14	kaakufa	bwakufa
	13	—	twakufa
	14/6	bwakufa	gaakufa
	15/6	kwakufa	gaakufa
	16	haakufa	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -aakufa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinaakufa	titwakufa
second person		tiwaakufa	timwakufa
third person	1/2	tiyaakufa	tibaakufa
	3/4	tigwakufa	tiyaakufa
	5/6	tiryakufa	tigaakufa
	7/8	tikyakufa	tibyakufa
	9/10	tiyaakufa	tizaakufa
	11/10	tirwakufa	tizaakufa
	12/14	tikaakufa	tibwakufa
	13	—	titwakufa
	14/6	tibwakufa	tigaakufa
	15/6	tikwakufa	tigaakufa
	16	tihaakufa	—

subject concord + -taakufa

conditional

affirmative

*subject concord* + -aakufwire
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		naakufwire	twakufwire
second person		waakufwire	mwakufwire
third person	1/2	yaakufwire	baakufwire
	3/4	gwakufwire	yaakufwire
	5/6	lyakufwire	gaakufwire
	7/8	kyakufwire	byakufwire
	9/10	yaakufwire	zaakufwire
	11/10	rwakufwire	zaakufwire
	12/14	kaakufwire	bwakufwire
	13	—	twakufwire
	14/6	bwakufwire	gaakufwire
	15/6	kwakufwire	gaakufwire
	16	haakufwire	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -aakufwire
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinaakufwire	titwakufwire
second person		tiwaakufwire	timwakufwire
third person	1/2	tiyaakufwire	tibaakufwire
	3/4	tigwakufwire	tiyaakufwire
	5/6	tiryakufwire	tigaakufwire
	7/8	tikyakufwire	tibyakufwire
	9/10	tiyaakufwire	tizaakufwire
	11/10	tirwakufwire	tizaakufwire
	12/14	tikaakufwire	tibwakufwire
	13	—	titwakufwire
	14/6	tibwakufwire	tigaakufwire
	15/6	tikwakufwire	tigaakufwire
	16	tihaakufwire	—

subject concord + -taakufwire

object concords
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		-nfa	-tufa
second person		-kufa	-bafa
third person	1/2	-mufa	-bafa
	3/4	-gufa	-gifa
	5/6	-lifa	-gafa
	7/8	-kifa	-bifa
	9/10	-gifa	-zifa
	11/10	-rufa	-zifa
	12/14	-kafa	-bufa
	13	—	-tufa
	14/6	-bufa	-gafa
	15/6	-kufa	-gafa
	16	-hafa	—

¹ The forms in this column are reduced relative forms; full relative forms require an augment before the subject concord.

Derived terms

Verbal derivations:
- Applicative: -feera
- Long causative: -fiisa
- -yo clitic: -faayo (“to care, to mind”)

Nominal derivations:
- omufaakati (“widow”)
- omufu (“dead person”)
- orufu (“death; disease”)

References

Kaji, Shigeki (2007), A Rutooro Vocabulary‎^[7], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 269
Rubongoya, L. T. (2013), Katondogorozi y'Orunyoro-Rutooro n'Orungereza [Runyoro–Rutooro-English and English-Runyoro–Rutooro dictionary]‎^[8], Kampala: Modrug Publishers, →ISBN, page 96

Tsonga

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-kúa.

Verb

fa

to die

Turkish

Etymology

From Italian fa

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /fa/

Noun

fa (definite accusative fayı, plural falar)

(music) fa (fourth diatonic (or sixth chromatic) musical note)
F (musical note or key)

Tuvaluan

**Tuvaluan cardinal numbers**
< 3	4	5 >
Cardinal : fa

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *fa, from Proto-Oceanic *pat, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *pat, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *pat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.

Numeral

fa

four

Venda

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-kúa.

Verb

fa

to die

Venetan

Noun

fa m (invariable)

(music) fa (fourth diatonic (or sixth chromatic) musical note)
F (musical note or key)

Adverb

fa

as, like

Volapük

Preposition

fa

by (indicating an agent)

West Makian

Conjunction

fa

or
win edeng fa iunge ― two days or three

References

Clemens Voorhoeve (1982), The Makian languages and their neighbours‎^[9], Pacific linguistics

Wuvulu-Aua

Etymology

From Proto-Oceanic *pat, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *pat, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.

Numeral

fa

four

Xhosa

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-kúa.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [fá]

Verb

-fá

(intransitive) to die

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

umfi

Yoruba

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /fà/

Verb

fà

(transitive, intransitive) to pull
mo fa aṣọ ― I pulled the clothes
(transitive) to suck
(intransitive) to subside, to reduce
eéwó t'ó wú ti fà ― The boil that was swollen has reduced
to draw, to sketch
ó fa ìlà sórí ìwé ― He drew a line on the piece of paper
to become sluggish
ọ̀lẹ́ fà tìì lẹ́nu iṣẹ́ ― The lazy person was sluggish at work
to be elastic, to be mucilaginous (as a soup or stew), to draw
Synonym: yọ̀

ọbẹ̀ ewédú náàá fà ― This ewedu soup is mucilaginous
(intransitive) to crawl
bí ìgbín fà, ìkarahun á tẹ̀lé e ― When the snail crawls its shell shall follow it
(transitive) to cause, to bring about
ìyà púpọ̀ ni ó fa ẹkún ― Too much suffering is the cause of weeping
(transitive) to long for
ọkàn àwọn ọmọ́ fà mí ― I longed for those children

Usage notes

fa before a direct object

Synonyms

Yoruba varieties and languages: fà (“to pull, cause”)
view map; edit data
Language family	Variety group	Variety/language	Subdialect	Location	Words
Proto-Itsekiri-SEY	Southeast Yoruba	Ào		Ìdóàní	fà
		Eastern Àkókó	Ìkàrẹ́	Ìkàrẹ́ Àkókó (Ùkàrẹ́)	fà
		Ìdànrè (Ùdànè, Ùdànrè)		Ìdànrè (Ùdànè, Ùdànrè)	fà
		Ìjẹ̀bú	Ìjẹ̀bú	Ìjẹ̀bú Òde	fà
			Rẹ́mọ	Ẹ̀pẹ́	fà
				Ìkòròdú	fà
				Ṣágámù	fà
		Ìkálẹ̀ (Ùkálẹ̀)		Òkìtìpupa	fà
		Ìlàjẹ (Ùlàjẹ)		Mahin	fà
		Oǹdó		Oǹdó	fà
		Ọ̀wọ̀ (Ọ̀ghọ̀)		Ọ̀wọ̀ (Ọ̀ghọ̀)	fà
		Usẹn		Usẹn	fà
	Ìtsẹkírì			Ìwẹrẹ	fà (to pull), lẹ̀ghẹ̀ (to cause, deceive)
	Olùkùmi			Ugbódù	fà
Proto-Yoruba	Central Yoruba	Èkìtì	Èkìtì	Àdó Èkìtì	fà
			Àkúrẹ́	Àkúrẹ́	fà
			Mọ̀bà	Ọ̀tùn Èkìtì	fà
		Ifẹ̀ (Ufẹ̀)		Ilé Ifẹ̀ (Ulé Ufẹ̀)	fà
		Ìjẹ̀ṣà (Ùjẹ̀ṣà)		Iléṣà (Uléṣà)	fà
		Western Àkókó		Ọ̀gbàgì Àkókó	fà
	Northwest Yoruba	Àwórì		Èbúté Mẹ́tà	fà
		Ẹ̀gbá		Abẹ́òkúta	fà
		Ẹ̀gbádò		Ìjàká	fà
		Èkó		Èkó	fà
		Ìbàdàn		Ìbàdàn	fà
		Ìbàràpá		Igbó Òrà	fà
		Ìbọ̀lọ́		Òṣogbo (Òsogbo)	fà
		Ìgbómìnà		Ìlá Ọ̀ràngún	fà
				Ìfẹ́lódùn LGA	fà
				Ìrẹ́pọ̀dùn LGA	fà
				Ìsin LGA	fà
		Ìlọrin		Ìlọrin	fà
		Oǹkó		Òtù	fà
				Ìwéré Ilé	fà
				Òkèhò	fà
				Ìsẹ́yìn	fà
				Ṣakí	fà
				Tedé	fà
				Ìgbẹ́tì	fà
		Ọ̀yọ́		Ọ̀yọ́	fà
		Standard Yorùbá		Nàìjíríà	fà
		Standard Yorùbá		Bɛ̀nɛ̀	fà
	Northeast Yoruba/Okun	Owé		Kabba	fà
	Ede languages/Southwest Yoruba	Ana		Sokode	fà
		Cábɛ̀ɛ́		Cábɛ̀ɛ́ (Ìdàdú)	fà
		Cábɛ̀ɛ́		Tchaourou	fà
		Ǹcà (Ìcà, Ìncà)		Baàtɛ	fà
		Ìdàácà	Benin	Igbó Ìdàácà (Dasa Zunmɛ̀)	fà
		Ọ̀họ̀rí/Ɔ̀hɔ̀rí-Ìjè	Ọ̀họ̀rí/Ɔ̀hɔ̀rí/Ìjè	Ìkpòbɛ́	fà
			Ọ̀họ̀rí/Ɔ̀hɔ̀rí/Ìjè	Onigbolo	fà
			Kétu/Ànàgó	Kétu	fà
		Ifɛ̀		Akpáré	fà
				Atakpamɛ	fà
				Boko	fà
				Moretan	fà
				Tchetti (Tsɛti, Cɛti)	fà
		Kura		Aledjo-Koura	fà
				Awotébi	fà
				Partago	fà
		Mɔ̄kɔ́lé		Kandi	fà
		Northern Nago		Kambole	fà
		Northern Nago		Manigri	fà
Note: This amalgamation of terms comes from a number of different academic papers focused on the unique varieties and languages spoken in the Yoruboid dialectal continuum which extends from eastern Togo to southern Nigeria. The terms for spoken varieties, now deemed dialects of Yorùbá in Nigeria (i.e. Southeast Yorùbá, Northwest Yorùbá, Central Yorùbá, and Northeast Yorùbá), have converged with those of Standard Yorùbá leading to the creation of what can be labeled Common Yorùbá (Funṣọ Akere, 1977). It can be assumed that the Standard Yorùbá term can also be used in most Nigerian varieties alongside native terms, especially amongst younger speakers. This does not apply to the other Nigerian Yoruboid languages of Ìṣẹkírì and Olùkùmi, nor the Èdè Languages of Benin and Togo.

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /fá/

Verb

fá

(transitive) to scrape or wipe off
alápatàá fá awọ náà ― The butcher wiped off the skin
(transitive) to shave
mo fá irun abíyá ― I shaved my armpit hair

Derived terms

ẹ̀fá
fági
fálọ́wọ́
fárí (“to be bald”)
fáwọ̀
ìfá
ìfábẹ̀lá (“index finger”)

Zigula

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-kúa, potentially from Proto-Atlantic-Congo *kwwú- (“to die”). Cognate with Swahili -fa (“to die”), Chichewa -fa (“to die”), Rwanda-Rundi -pfa (“to die”), Tumbuka -fwa (“to die”), Yao -wa (“to die”), Nyole (Uganda) -fa (“to die”), Lomwe -khwa (“to die”), Malawi Lomwe -khwa (“to die”).

Verb

-fa (infinitive kufa)

to die
to be dead
to go out (of a fire)
to be off (not properly functioning) (technology)
to be dull (of sharp objects)

Derived terms

-fira (“to die for someone”)

References

Chizigula of Somalia Dictionary‎^[10], SIL International, 2020

Zulu

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-kúa.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /fá/

Verb

-fá

(intransitive) to die

Inflection

tone H (infinitive *ukufa*)
imperative
	positive	negative
infinitive	ukufa	ukungafi

	simple	+ object concord
singular	yifa	-fe
plural	yifani	-feni

present
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngiyafa, ngifa	engifayo, engifa	ngifa	angifi	engingafi	ngingafi
2nd singular	uyafa, ufa	ofayo, ofa	ufa	awufi	ongafi	ungafi
1st plural	siyafa, sifa	esifayo, esifa	sifa	asifi	esingafi	singafi
2nd plural	niyafa, nifa	enifayo, enifa	nifa	anifi	eningafi	ningafi
class 1	uyafa, ufa	ofayo, ofa	efa	akafi	ongafi	engafi
class 2	bayafa, bafa	abafayo, abafa	befa	abafi	abangafi	bengafi
class 3	uyafa, ufa	ofayo, ofa	ufa	awufi	ongafi	ungafi
class 4	iyafa, ifa	efayo, efa	ifa	ayifi	engafi	ingafi
class 5	liyafa, lifa	elifayo, elifa	lifa	alifi	elingafi	lingafi
class 6	ayafa, afa	afayo, afa	efa	awafi	angafi	engafi
class 7	siyafa, sifa	esifayo, esifa	sifa	asifi	esingafi	singafi
class 8	ziyafa, zifa	ezifayo, ezifa	zifa	azifi	ezingafi	zingafi
class 9	iyafa, ifa	efayo, efa	ifa	ayifi	engafi	ingafi
class 10	ziyafa, zifa	ezifayo, ezifa	zifa	azifi	ezingafi	zingafi
class 11	luyafa, lufa	olufayo, olufa	lufa	alufi	olungafi	lungafi
class 14	buyafa, bufa	obufayo, obufa	bufa	abufi	obungafi	bungafi
class 15	kuyafa, kufa	okufayo, okufa	kufa	akufi	okungafi	kungafi
class 17	kuyafa, kufa	okufayo, okufa	kufa	akufi	okungafi	kungafi

recent past
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngifile, ngifē	engifile, engifē	ngifile, ngifē	angifanga	engingafanga	ngingafanga
2nd singular	ufile, ufē	ofile, ofē	ufile, ufē	awufanga	ongafanga	ungafanga
1st plural	sifile, sifē	esifile, esifē	sifile, sifē	asifanga	esingafanga	singafanga
2nd plural	nifile, nifē	enifile, enifē	nifile, nifē	anifanga	eningafanga	ningafanga
class 1	ufile, ufē	ofile, ofē	efile, efē	akafanga	ongafanga	engafanga
class 2	bafile, bafē	abafile, abafē	befile, befē	abafanga	abangafanga	bengafanga
class 3	ufile, ufē	ofile, ofē	ufile, ufē	awufanga	ongafanga	ungafanga
class 4	ifile, ifē	efile, efē	ifile, ifē	ayifanga	engafanga	ingafanga
class 5	lifile, lifē	elifile, elifē	lifile, lifē	alifanga	elingafanga	lingafanga
class 6	afile, afē	afile, afē	efile, efē	awafanga	angafanga	engafanga
class 7	sifile, sifē	esifile, esifē	sifile, sifē	asifanga	esingafanga	singafanga
class 8	zifile, zifē	ezifile, ezifē	zifile, zifē	azifanga	ezingafanga	zingafanga
class 9	ifile, ifē	efile, efē	ifile, ifē	ayifanga	engafanga	ingafanga
class 10	zifile, zifē	ezifile, ezifē	zifile, zifē	azifanga	ezingafanga	zingafanga
class 11	lufile, lufē	olufile, olufē	lufile, lufē	alufanga	olungafanga	lungafanga
class 14	bufile, bufē	obufile, obufē	bufile, bufē	abufanga	obungafanga	bungafanga
class 15	kufile, kufē	okufile, okufē	kufile, kufē	akufanga	okungafanga	kungafanga
class 17	kufile, kufē	okufile, okufē	kufile, kufē	akufanga	okungafanga	kungafanga

remote past
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngāfa	engāfa	ngāfa	angifanga	engingafanga	ngingafanga
2nd singular	wāfa	owāfa	wāfa	awufanga	ongafanga	ungafanga
1st plural	sāfa	esāfa	sāfa	asifanga	esingafanga	singafanga
2nd plural	nāfa	enāfa	nāfa	anifanga	eningafanga	ningafanga
class 1	wāfa	owāfa	āfa	akafanga	ongafanga	engafanga
class 2	bāfa	abāfa	bāfa	abafanga	abangafanga	bengafanga
class 3	wāfa	owāfa	wāfa	awufanga	ongafanga	ungafanga
class 4	yāfa	eyāfa	yāfa	ayifanga	engafanga	ingafanga
class 5	lāfa	elāfa	lāfa	alifanga	elingafanga	lingafanga
class 6	āfa	āfa	āfa	awafanga	angafanga	engafanga
class 7	sāfa	esāfa	sāfa	asifanga	esingafanga	singafanga
class 8	zāfa	ezāfa	zāfa	azifanga	ezingafanga	zingafanga
class 9	yāfa	eyāfa	yāfa	ayifanga	engafanga	ingafanga
class 10	zāfa	ezāfa	zāfa	azifanga	ezingafanga	zingafanga
class 11	lwāfa	olwāfa	lwāfa	alufanga	olungafanga	lungafanga
class 14	bāfa	obāfa	bāfa	abufanga	obungafanga	bungafanga
class 15	kwāfa	okwāfa	kwāfa	akufanga	okungafanga	kungafanga
class 17	kwāfa	okwāfa	kwāfa	akufanga	okungafanga	kungafanga

potential
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngingafa	—	ngingafa	ngingefe	—	ngingefe
2nd singular	ungafa	—	ungafa	ungefe	—	ungefe
1st plural	singafa	—	singafa	singefe	—	singefe
2nd plural	ningafa	—	ningafa	ningefe	—	ningefe
class 1	angafa	—	engafa	angefe	—	engefe
class 2	bangafa	—	bengafa	bangefe	—	bengefe
class 3	ungafa	—	ungafa	ungefe	—	ungefe
class 4	ingafa	—	ingafa	ingefe	—	ingefe
class 5	lingafa	—	lingafa	lingefe	—	lingefe
class 6	angafa	—	engafa	angefe	—	engefe
class 7	singafa	—	singafa	singefe	—	singefe
class 8	zingafa	—	zingafa	zingefe	—	zingefe
class 9	ingafa	—	ingafa	ingefe	—	ingefe
class 10	zingafa	—	zingafa	zingefe	—	zingefe
class 11	lungafa	—	lungafa	lungefe	—	lungefe
class 14	bungafa	—	bungafa	bungefe	—	bungefe
class 15	kungafa	—	kungafa	kungefe	—	kungefe
class 17	kungafa	—	kungafa	kungefe	—	kungefe

immediate future
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngizokufa	engizokufa	ngizokufa	angizukufa	engingezukufa	ngingezukufa
2nd singular	uzokufa	ozokufa	uzokufa	awuzukufa	ongezukufa	ungezukufa
1st plural	sizokufa	esizokufa	sizokufa	asizukufa	esingezukufa	singezukufa
2nd plural	nizokufa	enizokufa	nizokufa	anizukufa	eningezukufa	ningezukufa
class 1	uzokufa	ozokufa	ezokufa	akazukufa	ongezukufa	engezukufa
class 2	bazokufa	abazokufa	bezokufa	abazukufa	abangezukufa	bengezukufa
class 3	uzokufa	ozokufa	uzokufa	awuzukufa	ongezukufa	ungezukufa
class 4	izokufa	ezokufa	izokufa	ayizukufa	engezukufa	ingezukufa
class 5	lizokufa	elizokufa	lizokufa	alizukufa	elingezukufa	lingezukufa
class 6	azokufa	azokufa	ezokufa	awazukufa	angezukufa	engezukufa
class 7	sizokufa	esizokufa	sizokufa	asizukufa	esingezukufa	singezukufa
class 8	zizokufa	ezizokufa	zizokufa	azizukufa	ezingezukufa	zingezukufa
class 9	izokufa	ezokufa	izokufa	ayizukufa	engezukufa	ingezukufa
class 10	zizokufa	ezizokufa	zizokufa	azizukufa	ezingezukufa	zingezukufa
class 11	luzokufa	oluzokufa	luzokufa	aluzukufa	olungezukufa	lungezukufa
class 14	buzokufa	obuzokufa	buzokufa	abuzukufa	obungezukufa	bungezukufa
class 15	kuzokufa	okuzokufa	kuzokufa	akuzukufa	okungezukufa	kungezukufa
class 17	kuzokufa	okuzokufa	kuzokufa	akuzukufa	okungezukufa	kungezukufa

remote future
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngiyokufa	engiyokufa	ngiyokufa	angiyukufa	engingeyukufa	ngingeyukufa
2nd singular	uyokufa	oyokufa	uyokufa	awuyukufa	ongeyukufa	ungeyukufa
1st plural	siyokufa	esiyokufa	siyokufa	asiyukufa	esingeyukufa	singeyukufa
2nd plural	niyokufa	eniyokufa	niyokufa	aniyukufa	eningeyukufa	ningeyukufa
class 1	uyokufa	oyokufa	eyokufa	akayukufa	ongeyukufa	engeyukufa
class 2	bayokufa	abayokufa	beyokufa	abayukufa	abangeyukufa	bengeyukufa
class 3	uyokufa	oyokufa	uyokufa	awuyukufa	ongeyukufa	ungeyukufa
class 4	iyokufa	eyokufa	iyokufa	ayiyukufa	engeyukufa	ingeyukufa
class 5	liyokufa	eliyokufa	liyokufa	aliyukufa	elingeyukufa	lingeyukufa
class 6	ayokufa	ayokufa	eyokufa	awayukufa	angeyukufa	engeyukufa
class 7	siyokufa	esiyokufa	siyokufa	asiyukufa	esingeyukufa	singeyukufa
class 8	ziyokufa	eziyokufa	ziyokufa	aziyukufa	ezingeyukufa	zingeyukufa
class 9	iyokufa	eyokufa	iyokufa	ayiyukufa	engeyukufa	ingeyukufa
class 10	ziyokufa	eziyokufa	ziyokufa	aziyukufa	ezingeyukufa	zingeyukufa
class 11	luyokufa	oluyokufa	luyokufa	aluyukufa	olungeyukufa	lungeyukufa
class 14	buyokufa	obuyokufa	buyokufa	abuyukufa	obungeyukufa	bungeyukufa
class 15	kuyokufa	okuyokufa	kuyokufa	akuyukufa	okungeyukufa	kungeyukufa
class 17	kuyokufa	okuyokufa	kuyokufa	akuyukufa	okungeyukufa	kungeyukufa

present subjunctive
	positive	negative
1st singular	ngife	ngingafi
2nd singular	ufe	ungafi
1st plural	sife	singafi
2nd plural	nife	ningafi
class 1	afe	angafi
class 2	bafe	bangafi
class 3	ufe	ungafi
class 4	ife	ingafi
class 5	life	lingafi
class 6	afe	angafi
class 7	sife	singafi
class 8	zife	zingafi
class 9	ife	ingafi
class 10	zife	zingafi
class 11	lufe	lungafi
class 14	bufe	bungafi
class 15	kufe	kungafi
class 17	kufe	kungafi

past subjunctive
	positive	negative
1st singular	ngafa	ngangafa, angafa, angangafa
2nd singular	wafa	wangafa, awafa, awangafa
1st plural	safa	sangafa, asafa, asangafa
2nd plural	nafa	nangafa, anafa, anangafa
class 1	wafa	wangafa, akafa, akangafa
class 2	bafa	bangafa, abafa, abangafa
class 3	wafa	wangafa, awafa, awangafa
class 4	yafa	yangafa, ayafa, ayangafa
class 5	lafa	langafa, alafa, alangafa
class 6	afa	angafa, awafa, awangafa
class 7	safa	sangafa, asafa, asangafa
class 8	zafa	zangafa, azafa, azangafa
class 9	yafa	yangafa, ayafa, ayangafa
class 10	zafa	zangafa, azafa, azangafa
class 11	lwafa	lwangafa, alwafa, alwangafa
class 14	bafa	bangafa, abafa, abangafa
class 15	kwafa	kwangafa, akwafa, akwangafa
class 17	kwafa	kwangafa, akwafa, akwangafa

Derived terms

References

C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “fa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “fa (imper. yifa, 6.3)”

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