dhe
Appearance
See also: Appendix:Variations of "dhe"
Albanian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
- Conjunction e (“and, also”): according to Orel from Proto-Albanian *ō(d), from Proto-Indo-European *ēd ~ *ōd (ablative sg. stem of Proto-Indo-European *ē- ~ *ō-).[1]
See edhe.
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]dhe
Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Albanian *ðē(h), from Pre-Proto-Albanian *dᶻȫs < *dᶻ́ȫs < *dᶻ́ö́s < *dᶻ́ṓs, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰōm (“earth”).[2] Compare Ancient Greek χθών (khthṓn), Latin humus, Old Church Slavonic землꙗ (zemlja). By some identified as the source of Ancient Greek δῆ (dê, “earth”).[3]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]dhe m (plural dhera, definite dheu, definite plural dherat)
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | dhe | dheu | dhera | dherat |
| accusative | dheun | |||
| dative | dheu | dheut | dherave | dherave |
| ablative | dherash | |||
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Verb
[edit]dhe
References
[edit]- ^ Oryol, Vladimir E. (1998), “Conjunction e (and also)”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 85
- ^ Demiraj, Bardhyl et al. (2021), “dhe”, in DPEWA. Digitales Philologisch-Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altalbanischen [DPEWA. Digital Philological-Etymological Dictionary of Old Albanian]
- ^ Krzysztof Tomasz Witczak (2016), “The earliest Albanian loanwords in Greek”, in lnternational Conference on Language Contact in the Balkans and Asia Minor[1], page 41
Further reading
[edit]- “dhe”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
- FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language][2], 1980
Cornish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Brythonic *ðɨ, from Proto-Celtic *dū, related to Breton da (“to, for”), Welsh i (“to, for”), Irish do (“to, for”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Preposition
[edit]dhe (triggers soft mutation)
- to (expresses purpose)
- 1707, Edward Lhuyd, “Dzhûan Tſhei An Hɐr”, in Archæologia Britannica:
- me a vedn mɐz δa huillaz huêl δɐ îl
- I am going to go to look for work to do
- (when inflected for person) to, towards
- 1707, Edward Lhuyd, “Dzhûan Tſhei An Hɐr”, in Archæologia Britannica:
- Na meδ e veſter rei δem, ha me a vedn laveral δîz
- No, said his boss, give [it] to me, and I will tell you
- expresses possession
Usage notes
[edit]- Prepositions ending in dhe (see derived terms) trigger soft mutation.
Inflection
[edit]| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | dhymm | dhyn | |
| 2nd person | dhis | dhywgh | |
| 3rd person | m | dhodho | dhedha |
| f | dhedhi | ||
Derived terms
[edit]- a dermyn dhe dermyn (“periodically, from time to time”)
- a-barth dyghow dhe (“on the right side of”)
- a-barth kledh dhe (“on the left side of”)
- a-barth woles dhe (“on the bottom of”)
- a-dhelergh dhe (“at the back of, behind”)
- a-dhyghow dhe (“to the right of”)
- a-dreus dhe (“across from”)
- a-dro dhe (“about, concerning, on”)
- a-dryv dhe (“behind”)
- a-gledh dhe (“to the left of”)
- a-ji dhe (“within”)
- a-ji dhe our (“within an hour”)
- a-ugh dhe (“above, over”)
- a-ves dhe (“outside of”)
- a-wartha dhe (“on top of”)
- a-wartha dhe-woles (“upside-down”)
- a-wel dhe (“before the eyes of”)
- a-woles dhe (“below, under”)
- amma dhe nebonan (“kiss somebody”, verb)
- blamya nebonan rag ev dhe wul neppyth (“blame somebody for doing something”)
- boos dhe breder (“food for thought”)
- bos determys dhe (“to be determined”)
- bos dhe (“up to, until”)
- bos hwansek dhe (“wish to”)
- bos seghes dhe (“be thirsty”)
- bos usys dhe (“tend”)
- chonsya dhe (“happen to”)
- dhe biw (“whose”)
- dhe bub le (“all directions”)
- dhe dhorn (“nearby”)
- dhe hanter an fordh (“midway”)
- dhe les (“advantageous, useful”)
- dhe wari (“liberated”)
- dhe wir (“really, truly”)
- dhe-denewen (“to one side”)
- dhe-dre (“homewards”)
- dhe-hys (“at length”)
- dhe-les (“expedient”)
- dhe-ves (“away, off”)
- dos dhe weles (“come and see”)
- dy'Gwener dhe nos (“Friday night”)
- dy'Lun dhe nos (“Monday night”)
- dy'Mergher dhe nos (“Wednesday night”)
- dy'Meurth dhe nos (“Tuesday night”)
- dy'Sadorn dhe nos (“Saturday night”)
- dy'Sul dhe nos (“Sunday night”)
- dy'Yow dhe nos (“Thursday night”)
- dyski dhe nebonan gul neppyth (“teach someone to do something”)
- entra dhe neb le (“enter some place”)
- es dhe dhevnydhya (“user-friendly”)
- fyllel dhe (“fail somebody”)
- gasa spas dhe (“make space for”)
- gava dhe nebonan (“forgive somebody”)
- gesewgh ni dhe weles (“let's see”)
- gorra an galter dhe vryjyon (“put the kettle on”)
- gorra dhe (“apply”)
- gorra dhe vernans (“execute”)
- gorra dhe-ves (“take away”)
- gorra own dhe (“frighten, scare”)
- grassa dhe nebonan a neppyth (“thank somebody for something”)
- grevya dhe nebonan (“give somebody trouble”)
- gul bismer dhe (“degrade, discredit, disgrace”)
- gul dhe glamdera (“stun”)
- gul dhe nebonan gul neppyth (“make somebody do something”)
- gul revrons dhe (“respect”, verb)
- hackya dhe-ves (“chop/hack off”)
- haval dhe (“look like”, verb)
- hegar dhe geun (“dog friendly”)
- hegar dhe redyoryon (“reader friendly”)
- henn yw dhe styrya (“namely”)
- junya dhe (“connect/join to/with”)
- kales dhe wul (“hard to do”)
- kavos chons dhe (“get round to”)
- kontrari dhe (“as opposed to”)
- kwit dhe-ves (“completely gone”)
- meur ras dhe (“thanks to”)
- mires dhe (“watch over, escort”)
- mos dhe arvow (“take up arms”)
- mos dhe goll (“go missing”)
- mos dhe-ves (“go away”)
- na bleg dhe dus (“unpopular”)
- ogas dhe (“approximately”)
- omblegya dhe (“bow down to”)
- omres dhe (“dependent on”)
- omsettya dhe (“undertake to”)
- parys dhe ania (“disruptive”)
- penn dhe benn (“end to end”)
- plegya dhe (“be pleasing to”)
- ri dyskans dhe (“educate”)
- ri neppyth yn kendon dhe nebonan (“lend something to somebody”)
- spit dhe (“in spite of”)
- tenna dhe (“shoot at”)
- tewlel dhe skoll (“throw away”)
- tewlel dhe-ves (“trash, throw away”)
- treghi dhe-ves (“amputate, cut off”)
- trestya dhe (“rely on”)
- treylya dhe-ves (“avert”)
- yn despit dhe (“despite”)
- yn hevelep dhe (“in the likeness of”)
- yn konter dhe (“as opposed to”)
with possessive pronouns
Irish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]dhe (emphatic dhesean)
References
[edit]- ^ Finck, F. N. (1899), Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Erster Band: Grammatik [First volume: Grammar], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 194
- ^ de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1977), Gaeilge Chois Fhairrge: An Deilbhíocht [The Irish of Cois Fharraige: Accidence] (in Irish), 2nd edition, Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath [Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], section 302, page 142
Scottish Gaelic
[edit]Preposition
[edit]dhe (+ dative)
- alternative form of de
Categories:
- Albanian terms inherited from Proto-Albanian
- Albanian terms derived from Proto-Albanian
- Albanian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Albanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Albanian 1-syllable words
- Albanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Albanian terms with audio pronunciation
- Albanian lemmas
- Albanian conjunctions
- Albanian nouns
- Albanian masculine nouns
- Albanian non-lemma forms
- Albanian verb forms
- Cornish terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic
- Cornish terms derived from Proto-Brythonic
- Cornish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Cornish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Cornish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Cornish lemmas
- Cornish prepositions
- Cornish terms with quotations
- Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Irish non-lemma forms
- Irish prepositional pronouns
- Scottish Gaelic lemmas
- Scottish Gaelic prepositions
- Scottish Gaelic prepositions governing the dative