-ut

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ut"

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Latin -ūtus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈut]

Suffix

-ut (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -uta, masculine plural -uts, feminine plural -utes)

1. forms the past participle of most second-conjugation verbs
2. forms adjectives from nouns that indicate an abundance

Derived terms

Catalan terms suffixed with -ut

ancut

banyut

barbut

becut

bigotut

bocarrut

bocut

bonyegut

borrut

bossut

cabeçuda

cabut

carnut

cellut

collonut

collut

corretjut

costerut

dentut

espatllut

forçut

galtut

ganxut

garrut

geniüt

geperut

golut

gorjut

granellut

gruixut

llanut

llargarut

llengut

mamellut

molsut

morrut

mostatxut

nassut

orellut

panxut

pelut

punxut

rabassut

rabiüt

rampellut

saberut

tofut

tossut

traçut

ventrut

Further reading

• “-ut”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
• “-ut” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.

Finnish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *-ut.

Suffix

-ut (front vowel harmony variant -yt, linguistic notation -Ut)

1. (chiefly poetic) Forms diminutive nouns.
2. (usually poetic or literary) Forms some adjectives.

Usage notes

No longer productive. May include a preceding -h- when inserted after a vowel, which could be by analogy with the weak stem of -as.

Declension

Inflection of -ut (Kotus type 43/ohut, no gradation)
nominative		-ut	-uet
genitive		-uen	-uiden -uitten
partitive		-utta	-uita
illative		-ueen	-uisiin -uihin
		singular	plural
nominative		-ut	-uet
accusative	nom.	-ut	-uet
	gen.	-uen
genitive		-uen	-uiden -uitten
partitive		-utta	-uita
inessive		-uessa	-uissa
elative		-uesta	-uista
illative		-ueen	-uisiin -uihin
adessive		-uella	-uilla
ablative		-uelta	-uilta
allative		-uelle	-uille
essive		-uena	-uina
translative		-ueksi	-uiksi
abessive		-uetta	-uitta
instructive		—	-uin
comitative		—	-uine

Possessive forms of -ut (Kotus type 43/ohut, no gradation)
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -ueni -ueni accusative nom. -ueni -ueni gen. -ueni genitive -ueni -uideni -uitteni partitive -uttani -uitani inessive -uessani -uissani elative -uestani -uistani illative -ueeni -uisiini -uihini adessive -uellani -uillani ablative -ueltani -uiltani allative -uelleni -uilleni essive -uenani -uinani translative -uekseni -uikseni abessive -uettani -uittani instructive — — comitative — -uineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -uesi -uesi accusative nom. -uesi -uesi gen. -uesi genitive -uesi -uidesi -uittesi partitive -uttasi -uitasi inessive -uessasi -uissasi elative -uestasi -uistasi illative -ueesi -uisiisi -uihisi adessive -uellasi -uillasi ablative -ueltasi -uiltasi allative -uellesi -uillesi essive -uenasi -uinasi translative -ueksesi -uiksesi abessive -uettasi -uittasi instructive — — comitative — -uinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -uemme -uemme accusative nom. -uemme -uemme gen. -uemme genitive -uemme -uidemme -uittemme partitive -uttamme -uitamme inessive -uessamme -uissamme elative -uestamme -uistamme illative -ueemme -uisiimme -uihimme adessive -uellamme -uillamme ablative -ueltamme -uiltamme allative -uellemme -uillemme essive -uenamme -uinamme translative -ueksemme -uiksemme abessive -uettamme -uittamme instructive — — comitative — -uinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -uenne -uenne accusative nom. -uenne -uenne gen. -uenne genitive -uenne -uidenne -uittenne partitive -uttanne -uitanne inessive -uessanne -uissanne elative -uestanne -uistanne illative -ueenne -uisiinne -uihinne adessive -uellanne -uillanne ablative -ueltanne -uiltanne allative -uellenne -uillenne essive -uenanne -uinanne translative -ueksenne -uiksenne abessive -uettanne -uittanne instructive — — comitative — -uinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative -uensa -uensa accusative nom. -uensa -uensa gen. -uensa genitive -uensa -uidensa -uittensa partitive -uttaan -uttansa -uitaan -uitansa inessive -uessaan -uessansa -uissaan -uissansa elative -uestaan -uestansa -uistaan -uistansa illative -ueensa -uisiinsa -uihinsa adessive -uellaan -uellansa -uillaan -uillansa ablative -ueltaan -ueltansa -uiltaan -uiltansa allative -uelleen -uellensa -uilleen -uillensa essive -uenaan -uenansa -uinaan -uinansa translative -uekseen -ueksensa -uikseen -uiksensa abessive -uettaan -uettansa -uittaan -uittansa instructive — — comitative — -uineen -uinensa

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -ut (nominal)

ainut

ehyt

immyt

Kaukua

kevyt

koskut

kytkyt

kätkyt

marjut

mieluinen

mieluisa

mieluusti

neitsyt

Ojutkangas

pehmyt

tautta

tiehyt

vyöhyt

yöhyt

Etymology 2

Suffix

-ut (front vowel harmony variant -yt, linguistic notation -Ut)

1. alternative form of -nut

Usage notes

• Used for the following conjugation classes:

• rohkaista (66)
• tulla (67)
• juosta (70)
• (irregular) olla; seistä

Declension

Inflection of -ut (Kotus type 47/kuollut, no gradation)
nominative		-ut	-eet
genitive		-een	-eiden -eitten
partitive		-utta	-eita
illative		-eeseen	-eisiin -eihin
		singular	plural
nominative		-ut	-eet
accusative	nom.	-ut	-eet
	gen.	-een
genitive		-een	-eiden -eitten
partitive		-utta	-eita
inessive		-eessa	-eissa
elative		-eesta	-eista
illative		-eeseen	-eisiin -eihin
adessive		-eella	-eilla
ablative		-eelta	-eilta
allative		-eelle	-eille
essive		-eena	-eina
translative		-eeksi	-eiksi
abessive		-eetta	-eitta
instructive		—	-ein
comitative		—	-eine

Possessive forms of -ut (Kotus type 47/kuollut, no gradation)
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -eeni -eeni accusative nom. -eeni -eeni gen. -eeni genitive -eeni -eideni -eitteni partitive -uttani -eitani inessive -eessani -eissani elative -eestani -eistani illative -eeseeni -eisiini -eihini adessive -eellani -eillani ablative -eeltani -eiltani allative -eelleni -eilleni essive -eenani -einani translative -eekseni -eikseni abessive -eettani -eittani instructive — — comitative — -eineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -eesi -eesi accusative nom. -eesi -eesi gen. -eesi genitive -eesi -eidesi -eittesi partitive -uttasi -eitasi inessive -eessasi -eissasi elative -eestasi -eistasi illative -eeseesi -eisiisi -eihisi adessive -eellasi -eillasi ablative -eeltasi -eiltasi allative -eellesi -eillesi essive -eenasi -einasi translative -eeksesi -eiksesi abessive -eettasi -eittasi instructive — — comitative — -einesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -eemme -eemme accusative nom. -eemme -eemme gen. -eemme genitive -eemme -eidemme -eittemme partitive -uttamme -eitamme inessive -eessamme -eissamme elative -eestamme -eistamme illative -eeseemme -eisiimme -eihimme adessive -eellamme -eillamme ablative -eeltamme -eiltamme allative -eellemme -eillemme essive -eenamme -einamme translative -eeksemme -eiksemme abessive -eettamme -eittamme instructive — — comitative — -einemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -eenne -eenne accusative nom. -eenne -eenne gen. -eenne genitive -eenne -eidenne -eittenne partitive -uttanne -eitanne inessive -eessanne -eissanne elative -eestanne -eistanne illative -eeseenne -eisiinne -eihinne adessive -eellanne -eillanne ablative -eeltanne -eiltanne allative -eellenne -eillenne essive -eenanne -einanne translative -eeksenne -eiksenne abessive -eettanne -eittanne instructive — — comitative — -einenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative -eensa -eensa accusative nom. -eensa -eensa gen. -eensa genitive -eensa -eidensa -eittensa partitive -uttaan -uttansa -eitaan -eitansa inessive -eessaan -eessansa -eissaan -eissansa elative -eestaan -eestansa -eistaan -eistansa illative -eeseensa -eisiinsa -eihinsa adessive -eellaan -eellansa -eillaan -eillansa ablative -eeltaan -eeltansa -eiltaan -eiltansa allative -eelleen -eellensa -eilleen -eillensa essive -eenaan -eenansa -einaan -einansa translative -eekseen -eeksensa -eikseen -eiksensa abessive -eettaan -eettansa -eittaan -eittansa instructive — — comitative — -eineen -einensa

Anagrams

• -tu

Ingrian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *-ut. Cognates include Finnish -ut and Karelian -ut.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-ut/, [-ud]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-ut/, [-ud̥]

Suffix

-ut (front vowel variant -yt)

1. Used to form diminutive nouns.

Declension

Declension of -ut (type 7/kevät, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	-ut	-uet
genitive	-uen	-uein
partitive	-utta	-ueita
illative	-uesse	-ueisse
inessive	-uees	-ueis
elative	-uest	-ueist
allative	-uelle	-ueille
adessive	-ueel	-ueil
ablative	-uelt	-ueilt
translative	-ueks	-ueiks
essive	-uenna, -ueen	-ueinna, -uein
exessive1)	-uent	-ueint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Derived terms

Ingrian terms suffixed with -ut

emohut

joutsut

kannut

kuuhut

matkut

puisut

päivyt

sepyt

sisarut

velvyt

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-ut/, [-ud]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-ut/, [-ud̥]

Suffix

-ut

1. second-person singular indicative present of -ua

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-ut/, [-ud]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-ut/, [-ud̥]

Suffix

-ut

1. nominative plural of -u

Northern Sami

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

-ut

1. Forms verbs from adjectives, meaning "to become, to become more".
2. Forms verbs from adjectives, meaning "to act -ish, -ly", or from nouns, meaning "to act with, to act like".

Usage notes

• This suffix triggers the strong grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

Inflection

Even u-stem, no gradation
infinitive	-ut
1st sing. present	-un
1st sing. past	-on
infinitive	-ut	action noun	-un
present participle	-u	action inessive	-umin -ume
past participle	-on	action elative	-umis
agent participle	—	action comitative	-umiin
		abessive	-ọkeahttá
	present indicative	past indicative	imperative
1st singular	-un	-on	-on
2nd singular	-ut	-ot	-ọ
3rd singular	-u	-ūi	-os
1st dual	-o	-ūime	-u
2nd dual	-ubeahtti	-ūide	-u
3rd dual	-uba	-ūiga	-oska
1st plural	-ut	-ūimet	-ot -ut
2nd plural	-ubēhtet	-ūidet	-ot -ut
3rd plural	-ot	-o	-oset
connegative	-ọ	-on	-ọ
	conditional 1	conditional 2	potential
1st singular	-ošin -ošedjen	-olin -oledjen	-ožan
2nd singular	-ošit -ošedjet	-olit -oledjet	-ožat
3rd singular	-ošii	-olii	-oža -oš
1st dual	-ošeimme	-oleimme	-ožetne
2nd dual	-ošeidde	-oleidde	-ožeahppi
3rd dual	-ošeigga	-oleigga	-ožeaba
1st plural	-ošeimmet	-oleimmet	-ožit -ožat
2nd plural	-ošeiddet	-oleiddet	-ožēhpet
3rd plural	-oše -ošedje	-ole -oledje	-ožit
connegative	-oše	-ole	-oš

Derived terms

Northern Sami terms suffixed with -ut

áidut

áigut

bircut

boandut

buoidut

coakcut

čábbut

dávgut

dieigut

dierbut

fátmut

garcut

gáržut

gávrut

guvrut

háŋgut

láibut

lákcut

leabbut

lieđđut

márfut

nealgut

njárbut

njoahcut

njuolgut

ráddut

rámbut

reahccut

reakcut

reavrut

riggut

sallut

sárgut

spildut

šealgut

šlundut

váddut

vealgut

viidut

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• -et (introduced as bracket form in the 1938 spelling reform, given equal status in 1959, and made non-standard in 2012)
• -ete (introduced with the 1959 spelling reform, became sole standard form in 2012)

Etymology

From Old Norse -óttr. This was the form used by Aasen.

Suffix

-ut

1. forms adjectives from nouns ((pre-2012) alternative form of -ete)

   ‎båre + ‎-ut → ‎bårut

   • 1863, Ivar Aasen, Nordmannen (3rd verse)

     Han saag ut paa det baarutte Havet; der var ruskutt aa leggja ut paa.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Derived terms

Norwegian Nynorsk terms suffixed with -ut

arrut

aurut

boblut

botut

bråkut

bårut

eirut

fjasut

fjonut

fjørut

flammut

flekkut

fnisut

folkut

fomlut

fumlut

føyrut

gaput

geiput

gjørmut

glorut

glyut

grapsut

grautut

greinut

grimut

grinut

gørrut

hakkut

hengslut

holut

hornut

horut

humput

hårut

isut

jordut

kjelkut

kleimut

kuvut

køynut

leirut

lopput

masut

mjølut

moldut

mosut

musut

myglut

myrut

møkkut

møkut

nautut

nebbut

nerdet

nerdut

nupput

oljut

puslut

putlut

randut

rendut

sandut

skyut

steinut

stokkut

søylut

tullut

tupput

tussut

tuvut

Old English

Suffix

-ut

1. alternative form of -et

Old Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ut/

Suffix

-ut (suffixed pronoun)

1. you (accusative singular), thee

Derived terms

Category Old Irish terms suffixed with -ut not found

See also

Old Irish affixed pronouns

See Appendix:Old Irish affixed pronouns for details on how these forms are used. Note that the so-called “infixed” pronouns are technically prefixes, but they are never the first prefix in a verbal complex.
person	infixed			suffixed
	class A	class B	class C
1 sg	m-L	dom-L, dam-L		-um
2 sg	t-L	dot-L, dat-L, dut-L, dit-L		-ut
3 sg m	a-N, e-N	d-N	id-N, did-N, d-N	-i, -it
3 sg f	s-(N)	da-		-us
3 sg n	a-L, e-L	d-L	id-L, did-L, d-L	-i, -it
1 pl	n-	don-, dun-, dan-		-unn
2 pl	b-	dob-, dub-, dab-		-uib
3 pl	s-(N)	da-		-us

^L means this form triggers lenition.
^N means this form triggers nasalization (eclipsis)
^(N) means this form triggers nasalization in some texts but not in others.

Romanian

Etymology

Inherited from Latin -ūtus.

Suffix

-ut

1. Used with a stem to mark the past participle of second-conjugation verbs and regular third-conjugation verbs.

   ‎pierde (“lose”) + ‎-ut → ‎pierdut (“lost”)

Further reading

• Appendix:Romanian verb conjugation#Conjugation types: "some type 3 verbs have past participles ending in -ut"
• Carmen Dobrovie-Sorin, Ion Giurgea (eds.), A Reference Grammar of Romanian. Volume 1: The noun phrase, [Linguistik Aktuell / Linguistics Today 207], 2013, p. 665:

  "The supine suffix is identical to the suffix of the (passive) participle. [...] -ut (ține/ținut 'keep/keeping') [...]"

• Ramona Gönczöl, Romanian: An Essential Grammar, 2nd edition 2021 (1st ed. 2007), p. 105:

  "Conjugation 9 [...] Verbs in this conjugation have past participles that end in -ut [...]"