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-ta

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ta"

Afar

Pronunciation 1

IPA^(key): /-ta/ [-tʌ]

Suffix

-ta

Form of -yta used after nouns ending in consonants.

Declension

Declension of -ta

absolutive

-ta

predicative

-ta

subjective

genitive

Postpositioned forms
l-case	-tal
k-case	-tak
t-case	-tat
h-case	-tah

Pronunciation 2

IPA^(key): /-ˈta/ [-ˈtʌ]

Suffix

-tá

Form of -ytá used after nouns ending in consonants.

Declension

Declension of -tá

absolutive

-tá

predicative

-tá

subjective

-tá

genitive

-tá

Postpositioned forms
l-case	-tál
k-case	-ták
t-case	-tát
h-case	-táh

References

E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985), An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN, page 228
Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015), L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎^[1], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Basque

Alternative forms

-da (after -n)

Etymology

From eta (“and”).^[1]

Suffix

-ta

[with perfect participle] adverbial suffix
Guztiz bustita zatoz. ― You're totally soaked.

Hori esanda, nahi duzuna egin ezazu. ― Having said that, do whatever you want.

References

^ R. L. Trask (2008), “eta”, in Max W. Wheeler, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Basque, University of Sussex, page 183

Estonian

Suffix

-ta

suffix for the abessive case, without.

Usage notes

Suffixed to the genitive singular.
Often used in conjunction with the preposition ilma, for example ilma soolata "without salt, saltless".

Finnish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *-t'ak, from Proto-Uralic *-ta- (verbalizer) (see the Proto-Finnic entry for more).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /-tɑˣ/, [-t̪ɑ̝(ʔ)]

Suffix

-ta (front vowel harmony variant -tä, stem -a-, linguistic notation -A- or -tA)

Forms verbs from nouns, generally with a causative, factitive or instrumental meaning.
‎kampa (“comb”) + ‎-ta → ‎kammata (“to comb”)

‎linko (“sling; centrifuge”) + ‎-ta → ‎lingota (“to hurl, sling, fling”)

Usage notes

The derivatives belong to the conjugation types 73, 74 and 75. The only differences between these three types are the conditional forms, with 74 being a superset of 73 and 75 (allowing both forms of conditional stems). Stems ending in -a are always type 73, while other vowels result in 74 and 75 (with no clear regular pattern; colloquially all of these, except for those with stems ending in -i- like selvitä, are often inflected as if they were in class 74).
Triggers consonant gradation in the root, if applicable.
Used mainly on bisyllabic vowel-stem nouns. For monosyllabic and consonant-stem nouns, -taa is more common.
A final -i- in the stem -ta is attached to usually becomes -e-.

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -ta (causative)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Finnic *-t'ak.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /-tɑˣ/, [-t̪ɑ̝(ʔ)]

Suffix

-ta (front vowel harmony variant -tä, stem -a-, linguistic notation -A- or -tA)

Forms verbs from nouns with a translative or reflexive meaning.
‎kato (“disappearance”) + ‎-ta → ‎kadota (“to disappear”)

‎raukea (“limp, drowsy”) + ‎-ta → ‎raueta (“to weaken, lapse”)

Usage notes

The derivatives belong to the conjugation types 74, 75 and rarely 73. The only differences between these three types are the conditional forms, with 74 being a superset of 73 and 75 (allowing both forms of conditional stems). Stems ending in -a are always type 73, while other vowels result in 74 and 75 (with no clear regular pattern; colloquially all of these, except for those with stems ending in -i-, are often inflected as if they were in class 74).
Triggers consonant gradation in the root, if applicable.
A final -i- in the stem -ta is attached to usually becomes -e-.
Largely conflated with etymology 1, as they have fallen together in form.

Derived terms

See also

-eta
-ita

Etymology 3

From Proto-Finnic *-ta, ultimately from the Proto-Uralic ablative case *-ta (compare to Moksha -да, -та (-da, -ta) and Erzya -до (-do)).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /-tɑ/, [-t̪ɑ̝]

Suffix

-ta (front vowel harmony variant -tä, linguistic notation -tA)

A suffix for the partitive singular case.

Usage notes

This suffix is used after a long vowel, diphthong or a consonant.
See the appendix on Finnish nominal cases for more information on how the partitive case is used.

See also

-a

Etymology 4

Suffix

-ta (front vowel harmony variant -tä, stem -a-, linguistic notation -A- or -tA) (dialectal)

(Eastern Finnish) alternative form of -ida

Usage notes

See Appendix:Eastern Finnish reflexive verbs.

Conjugation

See Appendix:Eastern Finnish reflexive verbs.

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /-tɑˣ/, [-t̪ɑ̝(ʔ)]

Suffix

-ta (front vowel harmony variant -tä, linguistic notation -tA)

(dialectal) alternative form of -tta (abessive case ending)

Hungarian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [tɒ]

Suffix

-ta

2. (past-tense suffix) Forms the third-person singular indicative past definite form of verbs.
  ‎olvas (“to read”) + ‎-ta → ‎olvasta (“he/she (has/had) read (it)”)
4. (verbal-participle suffix) Forms the verbal participle of verbs, always following the agent noun.
  ‎okoz (“to cause”) + ‎-ta → ‎okozta (“caused by”)
  
  a vihar okozta kár ― the damage caused by the storm (literally, “storm-caused damage”)
(noun-forming suffix) Forms nouns from certain verbs (cf. -ás), incorporating the third-person singular possessive suffix (-a), which can be replaced by other personal possessive suffixes.
tud (“to know”) → tudta (“his/her knowledge [of something]”)

Usage notes

(past-tense and verbal-participle suffix) Variants:
-ta is added to most back-vowel verbs

-te is added to most front-vowel verbs

-tta is added to back-vowel verbs ending in a vowel (hí, rí, szí; ó, ró; fú)

-tte is added to front-vowel verbs ending in a vowel (lő, nő, sző; nyű)

-otta is added to back-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (fut, nyit, except lát)

-ette is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (vet)

-ötte is added to rounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (köt, süt, üt)
(noun-forming suffix) Variants:
-ta is added to most back-vowel verbs

-te is added to most front-vowel verbs

-tte is added to front-vowel verbs that originally ended in a vowel (like jön, originally jő)

-ata is added to back-vowel verbs that form the infinitive with a linking vowel (like hall)

-ete is added to front-vowel verbs that form the infinitive with a linking vowel (like kell)

Derived terms

Hungarian nouns suffixed with -ta

See also

Further reading

Károly, Sándor. Az istenadta-féle szerkezetek személyragos tagjának szófaji jellegéről (“On the part of speech of the personal-suffixed elements of istenadta [‘God-given’]-like structures”). In: Nyelvtudományi Közlemények (“Linguistic Publications”), vol. 59 (1957), pp. 130–150.
Simonyi, Zsigmond. Isten-adta (“God-given”). In: Magyar Nyelvőr (“Hungarian Language Guardian”), vol. XXXVI (1907), pp. 16–35 in the offprint (issue 5, May 15 in the original, pp. 193–205, 264–271).

Igbo

Alternative forms

-té (neutral tongue position)

Suffix

-tá

towards, to.
pụ (“go out”) → pụtá (“come out”)

chọ́ (“want, seek”) → chọ́tá (“find”)
to one's advantage, for.

Derived terms

Igbo terms suffixed with -ta

Ilocano

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-ta, an enclitic form of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)kita, whence Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kita.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ta/

Pronoun

-ta

First-person dual absolutive enclitic pronoun; we (two); us (two); you and I; you and me
Aggayyemta. ― You and I are friends.
First-person dual ergative enclitic pronoun; we (two); you and I
Masapul a tulunganta ni Maria. ― You and I should help Maria.
First-person dual possessive marker; our (mine and yours); of us two
Awan inggana koma ti ayatta. ― May our love last forever.

See also

Ilocano personal pronouns
Person	Number	Absolutive		Ergative	Oblique	Possessive
Person	Number	Disjunctive	Enclitic	Enclitic³	Oblique	bági form	kukua form
First	singular	siak	-ak	-ko, -k	kaniak	bagik	kukuak, kuak
	dual	data, sita¹	-ta		kaniata, kadata	bagita	kukuata
	plural inclusive	datayo, sitayo¹	-tayo, -tay		kaniatayo, kadatayo	bagitayo	kukuatayo
	plural exclusive	dakami, sikami¹	-kami, -kam	-mi	kaniami, kadakami	bagimi	kukuami
Second	singular	sika	-ka	-mo, -m	kaniam, kenka	bagim	kukuam
Second	plural	dakayo, sikayo¹	-kayo, -kay	-yo	kaniayo, kadakayo	bagiyo	kukuayo
Third	singular	isu, isuna	Ø²	-na	kaniana, kenkuana	bagina	kukuana
Third	plural	isuda	-da		kaniada, kadakuada	bagida	kukuada

¹Regional variants.
²Null morpheme: there is no absolutive enclitic for the third person singular pronoun. The disjunctives isu or isuna may also be used.
³Ergative enclitics are also used as possessive markers.

Fused enclitics
Actor	Patient
Actor	siak	data	datayo	dakami	sika	dakayo	isu⁵	isuda
siak	bagik⁴	—	—	—	-ka	-kayo	-ko, -k	-ko ida, -k ida
data	—	bagita⁴	—	—	—	—	-ta	-ta ida
datayo	—	—	bagitayo⁴	—	—	—	-tayo	-tayo ida
dakami	—	—	—	bagimi⁴	-daka	-dakayo	-mi	-mi ida
sika	-nak	—	—	-nakami	bagim⁴	—	-mo, -m	-mo ida, -m ida
dakayo	-dak	-data	—	-dakami	—	bagiyo⁴	-yo	-yo ida
isu	-nak	-nata	-natayo	-nakami	-naka	-nakayo	bagina⁴, -na	-na ida
isuda	-dak	-data	-datayo	-dakami	-daka	-dakayo	-da	bagida⁴, -da ida

⁴Reflexive pronouns use the bagí form.
⁵ isu or isuna may also be added after the enclitics in this column.

Irish

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Alternative forms

-tha

Suffix

-ta

added to nouns to form adjectives

Derived terms

Irish terms suffixed with -ta (adjective)

ceannchathartha

sochreiligiúnda

Related terms

-ga (-da, -dha)

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

-te (slender form)
-tha, -the

Suffix

-ta

used to form strong plural forms of nouns

Etymology 3

From Old Irish -ta, possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts, whence also Ancient Greek -της (-tēs), Sanskrit -ताति (-tāti), and Latin -tās.

Alternative forms

-te (slender form)
-tha, -the

Suffix

-ta

used to form the past participle of verbs

Derived terms

Irish terms suffixed with -ta (participle)

Etymology 4

Alternative forms

-te, -tha, -the

Suffix

-ta

genitive singular of -adh (verbal noun suffix)

Japanese

Romanization

-ta

Rōmaji transcription of た

Kambera

Pronoun

-ta

first person plural inclusive accusative enclitic

See also

Kambera pronominal clitics
			nominative	genitive	accusative	dative
singular	first person		ku-	-nggu	-ka	-ngga
	second person		mu- (u-)	-mu	-kau	-nggau
	third person		na-	-na	-ya	-nya
plural	first person	inclusive	ta-	-nda	-ta	-nda
	first person	exclusive	ma-	-ma	-kama	-nggama
	second person		mi- (i-)	-mi	-kami (-kai)	-nggami (-nggai)
	third person		da-	-da	-ha	-nja

Lakota

Suffix

-ta

to, at, on, in
‎pahá (“hill, butte”) + ‎-ta → ‎paháta (“on the hill, butte”)

‎maȟpíya (“sky”) + ‎-ta → ‎maȟpíyata (“in the sky”)

‎mní (“water”) + ‎-ta → ‎mniyáta (“at the water”)

Usage notes

Changes to (-ata), (-yata) following vowel.

Latin

Suffix

-ta

inflection of -tus:
1. feminine nominative/vocative singular
2. neuter nominative/accusative/vocative plural

Suffix

-tā

feminine ablative singular of -tus

Makasar

Alternative forms

-nta

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ta, from Proto-Austronesian *ta.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ta]

Suffix

-ta (possessive suffix, Lontara spelling ᨈ)

our (first person plural inclusive)
your (polite second person singular and plural)

See also

Makasar free and bound pronouns
	independent	absolutive	nominative	possessive
1^st sg / 1^st pl exclusive	nakke	-a'	ku-	-ku
1^st pl exclusive (archaic)	kambe	-kang	ki-	-mang
1^st pl inclusive / 2^nd sg polite	katte	-ki'	ki-	-ta
2^nd sg / pl familiar	kau	-ko	nu-	-nu
3^rd sg / pl	ia	-i	na-	-na

Navajo

Suffix

-ta

alternative form of -tah (“among”)

References

Young, Robert; Morgan, William; Midgette, Sally (1992), Analytical lexicon of Navajo, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, →ISBN, page 471

Quechua

Etymology

From Proto-Quechuan *-kta. Compare with Classical Quechua -kta.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ta/

Suffix

-ta

Used for the accusative case. Indicates the direct object of a verb or the goal of a motion verb.
‎wasi (“house”) + ‎-ta → ‎wasita (“at the house”)

‎mama (“mother”) + ‎-ta → ‎mamaykita (“your mother (direct object)”)
Used to form adverbs from adjectives.
‎allin (“good”) + ‎-ta → ‎allinta (“well”)

Scottish Gaelic

Suffix

-ta

alternative form of -te
'S leònta mo làmh. ― My hand is wounded.

Derived terms

Scottish Gaelic terms suffixed with -ta

Somali

Suffix

-ta

A condition or state

Swahili

Suffix

-ta

(nonproductive) final conclusion of a process, often involving contact
‎-okoa (“to save”) + ‎-ta → ‎-okota (“to pick up”)

Derived terms

Swahili terms suffixed with -ta

References

Ashton, E. O. (1944), Swahili Grammar (including Intonation), London: Longmans, Green & Co, pages 237–238.
Lodhi, Abdulaziz Y. (2002), “Verbal extensions in Bantu (the case of Swahili and Nyamwezi)”, in Africa & Asia‎^[2], volume 2, →ISSN, archived from the original on 11 December 2009, section 3.6, page 16 of 4-26.

Turkish

Suffix

-ta

alternative form of -da (locative suffix) (after an unvoiced consonant)

Ye'kwana

Alternative forms

-cha (allomorph after i)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [-ta]

Etymology 1

Suffix

-ta

Forms intransitive verbs with patient-like arguments from nouns.

Derived terms

Ye'kwana terms suffixed with -ta

Etymology 2

Suffix

-ta

Forms the certain future tense.

Usage notes

Verbs with this suffix take series I person markers.

Derived terms

-tai (possibly)

Etymology 3

Cognates are found in many other Cariban languages, where they are usually restricted to use with or in place of an imperative marker cognate to -kö. The Ye'kwana suffix thus shows a broadened scope of use.

Suffix

-ta

Directs that the command or request expressed by a verb must be executed somewhere else and not at the place where the order was given.

Usage notes

This suffix immediately precedes the verb’s tense/aspect/mood markers (and so is distinguished from the certain future suffix above). In most cases, it can only appear with one of the three modal markers -kö (imperative), -iye (jussive), and -'ñojo (rogative); however, when used in the imperative singular, it takes the place of the suffix -kö instead of appearing alongside it.

In the plural this suffix takes the form -tan except in the third person, where it does not change. That is, it takes the form -tan when followed by plural -tö.

Derived terms

-tan

References

Cáceres, Natalia (2011), “-ta”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎^[3], Lyon, pages 149, 225–226, 234–236

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