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Democratic Party (Mongolia)

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Democratic Party
Ардчилсан Нам
AbbreviationDP (English)
АН (Mongolian)
PresidiumNational Policy Committee
ChairmanOdongiin Tsogtgerel
Founded7 April 1990 (1990-04-07) (MDP)
6 December 2000 (2000-12-06) (DP)
Merger of
See list:
HeadquartersUlaanbaatar
NewspaperDaily News (Өдрийн сонин)
Student wingDemocratic Student's Union
Youth wingDemocratic Youth Union
Women's wingDemocratic Women's Union
Membership (2024)Increase172,000[1]
Ideology
Political positionCentre-right
International affiliationInternational Democracy Union
Colors  Blue
State Great Khural
42 / 126
Provincial Governors
8 / 21
Ulaanbaatar District Governors
1 / 9
Party flag
Website
democraticparty.mn

The Democratic Party (DP) (Mongolian: Ардчилсан Нам, romanized: Ardchilsan Nam[a]) is a centre-right political party in Mongolia. It was founded through the merger of five opposition political parties that advocated for democratic and economic reforms during the country's post-communist transition. The DP is currently one of the two main dominant political parties in Mongolian politics.

Founded on 6 December 2000, the DP is Mongolia's second-oldest political party, the first being the Mongolian People's Party (MPP), an ex-communist party that ruled the Mongolian People's Republic from 1921 to 1990 as a one-party state. The DP traces its historic roots back to the 1990 Democratic Revolution.

History

[edit]

Founding and early years

[edit]
Main article: 1990 Democratic Revolution in Mongolia

After the 1990 Democratic Revolution,[8] Mongolia became a country with a multi-party system. The democratic revolution transformed Mongolia from a single-party communist state into a dynamic representative democracy. Those who pioneered the democratic revolution established political parties such as the Mongolian Democratic Party (MDP), the Mongolian National Progress Party (MNPP), and the Mongolian Social Democratic Party (MSDP) in early 1990.

The Democratic Union Coalition (DUC), between the Mongolian National Democratic Party (merger of the MNPP and the MDP) and the MSDP, saw its first major victory in the 1996 election, where the dominant Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party was out of power for the first time since 1921.[9] Despite the electoral success, the democratic government would oversee four years of rampant party infighting, unstable governance, and economic slowdown.[10] Between 1996 and 2000, there were a total of four different governments led by the DUC.

The democratic opposition faced an electoral wipeout in the 2000 parliamentary election, winning only a single seat in the State Great Khural.[11] Furthermore, the assassination of Sanjaasürengiin Zorig, a key leader during the 1990 revolution, in October 1998 led to the breakaway of Zorig's allies and the formation of the Civil Will Party.[12]

Party conference during the merger of the five parties in December 2000.

In the aftermath of their defeat, five political parties – including the Mongolian National Democratic Party, Mongolian Social Democratic Party, and others merged and established the Democratic Party of Mongolia on 6 December 2000.

On 1 April 2006, a party convention elected Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj as the party leader. Four candidates had run for the party leadership elections in the first round. Elbegdorj won 46% of the vote, Erdeniin Bat-Uul won 40% and two other candidates won the rest. Without an absolute majority, a second ballot between the leading candidates resulted in Elbegdorj winning with 57.2% of the votes.[13]

On 30 August 2008, the National Consultative Committee of Democratic Party elected Norovyn Altankhuyag as the new leader of the party.[14]

2012–2016

[edit]

In the 2012 parliamentary election, the party won 34 seats in the country's 76-seat unicameral legislature, which was only a handful short of the simple majority requirement to unilaterally govern the country.[15] As such, the party teamed up with ex-president Nambaryn Enkhbayar's Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party and their coalition partner, Mongolian National Democratic Party, to form a government under Altankhuyag's premiership.[16] The party's ascension to power coincided with a rapid economic boom largely attributed to the country's mining mega-projects, with The Economist dubbing the country Mine-golia.[17]

During its first two years in power, the government introduced a number of large scale bonds, with the most significant ones being the Chinggis Bond and the Samurai Bond to fund its ambitious infrastructure projects. Later in 2021, a parliamentary investigation into the Development Bank of Mongolia found a massive mismanagement and favouritism in the loan selection process, prompting the country's anti-corruption agency to launch a full-scale investigation into Altankhuyag's involvement in the scandal.[18]

In 2014, the parliamentary Democrats ousted Altankhuyag from the party leadership and the premiership, partly due to his failure to reach an agreement with Rio Tinto, and appointed Chimediin Saikhanbileg in a highly controversial move.[19] In 2015, the stagnation of the Chinese economic growth severely impacted Mongolia's economic prospects and damaged the mineral prices,[20] which the country heavily relied on. The country went into an economic recession, with the country's GDP shrinking by about one per cent.

Alternate logo of the Democratic Party in the 2010s

In 2015, Chimediin Saikhanbileg travelled to Dubai to finance the Oyu Tolgoi project and a struck a deal with Rio Tinto and other investors, which was colloquially named the Dubai Agreement.[21] The investment agreement was heavily scrutinised both within and outside the party: Mongolia would not profit from the project at least until 2034. Zandaakhuugiin Enkhbold, who was the Democratic Speaker of the parliament at that time, and a handful of other Democrats condemned the move.[22] In 2016, just a few weeks before his end of term, Saikhanbileg's government relinquished its exclusive right to purchase the 49% stake in the Erdenet mine, one of the most profitable projects in the country, when the Russian side decided to sell it – without any authorization from the parliament.[23] Saikhanbileg hastily left the country when the country's anti-corruption agency started an investigation into him.[24]

2016–2020

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In the 2016 parliamentary election, the Democratic Party lost heavily, retaining only nine seats. The following year, an internal congress elected Sodnomzunduin Erdene as party chairman. Under his leadership, the DP sought to reorganise its structure, strengthen its grassroots branches, and improve candidate selection processes. In 2017, the party's nominee Khaltmaagiin Battulga won the presidential election, giving the DP the presidency even while it remained a minority in parliament.[25]

During Erdene’s tenure, the party positioned itself as the main opposition force, frequently criticising the Mongolian People’s Party (MPP) government on issues such as economic management, transparency, and judicial independence. The DP also achieved modest gains in the 2020 local elections. However, in the 2020 parliamentary election, the party secured only 11 seats, leaving the MPP with another supermajority. Party chairman Erdene had lost his own seat in the election.[26]

2021–2024

[edit]

After the 2020 parliamentary defeat, Erdene announced he was stepping down and transferred interim roles to MP-elect Tsevegdorjyn Tuvaan, but soon re-entered the leadership dispute that followed. He argued that internal rules required a proper party congress and challenged attempts to alter nomination procedures.[27] The party would soon split on the matter of re-nominating incumbent president Battulga for the 2021 election.

By March 2021, the party had effectively split into pro and anti-Battulga camps each led by different chairman-elects, Odongiin Tsogtgerel and Mainbayaryn Tulgat.[28] None of the two leaders were officially recognized by the Supreme Court.[29] Therefore, the inability for the DP to unite led to two different primaries being held and two different candidates being nominated. Former chairman and PM Norovyn Altankhuyag was nominated by all 11 Democratic MPs and the Tsogtgerel-led faction,[30] whilst Erdene was nominated by the Tulgat-led faction.[31]

Despite divisions within the party, Erdene was formally nominated as the Democratic candidate in the 2021 presidential election, where he campaigned on a platform of democratic values, anti-corruption, and economic recovery. His nomination was accepted by the General Election Commission (GEC).[32] The supporters of Altankhuyag's nomination protested the GEC decision and the Democratic MPs launched hunger strikes in Sükhbaatar Square.[33]

The period from 2021 to 2023 was marked by parallel party structures supporting either Erdene or former president Battulga. In 2022, the Supreme Court’s ruling in favour of the anti-Battulga faction effectively reaffirmed Erdene’s authority until the party’s next internal congress. He remained active in promoting democratic principles, maintaining international party contacts, and preparing the organisation for the 2024 election, before handing over leadership to former Minister of Education and chairman-elect Luvsannyamyn Gantömör in the early 2023.[34]

2024–Present

[edit]

In the 2024 parliamentary election, the DP gained 31 seats in the expanded parliament. The MPP gained only 6 seats and was left with a slim majority in the State Great Khural.[35] Subsequently, on July 9, the DP, the MPP, and the smaller HUN Party formed a coalition government led by MPP chairman and then-Prime Minister Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene.[36] In June 2025, during the 2025 anti-Oyun-Erdene protests, PM Oyun-Erdene resigned after losing a motion of no confidence in the State Great Khural. This led to the collapse of Oyun-Erdene's second tenure and the expulsion of the DP from the coalition government.[37]

On 31 August 2025, Gantömör resigned as party chairman, and the party's National Policy Committee elected party caucus leader and pro-business MP Odongiin Tsogtgerel as the next chairman.[38]

Election results

[edit]
Ger set up by the Democratic Party for a by-election campaign in Khövsgöl aimag, 2006

In the 2004 parliamentary elections, the party was a constituent part of the Motherland Democratic Coalition that won 44.7% of the popular vote and 34 out of 76 seats at the Parliament. Party leader Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj became the prime minister of a grand coalition government and held that position until January 2006.

In 2005 presidential election, its candidate Mendsaikhany Enkhsaikhan won only 19.7%, ranking second place in the four-way race.

In the 2008 parliamentary elections, the Democratic Party won 28 seats out of 76 in the Parliament. After the elections, two major parties (Democratic Party of Mongolia and Mongolian People's Party) formed a coalition government. Within the government, party leader Norovyn Altankhuyag became First Deputy Prime Minister and the party keeps the seats of Finance Minister, Health Minister, Minister of Environment and Tourism, Minister of Roads, Transportation, Construction and Urban Development, and Minister of Defense.

2009 presidential election

[edit]
Main article: 2009 Mongolian presidential election
Fourth President of Mongolia Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj

At the Democratic Party's convention on 3 April 2009, Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj defeated Erdeniin Bat-Üül in a contest for the party's nomination for the presidency of Mongolia in 2009. Elbegdorj won with 65.3% of the total vote.[39] After Elbegdorj was announced as the candidate, the Civic Will Party and the Mongolian Green Party endorsed Elbegdorj's presidential candidacy.[40]

Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj won the 2009 Mongolian presidential election on 24 May 2009 with 51.21% of the votes. Defeating incumbent president Enkhbayar who got 47.41%.[41][42] Elbegdorj was sworn into office as President of Mongolia on 18 June 2009.[43]

2012 parliamentary elections

[edit]
Main article: 2012 Mongolian legislative election

In the 2012 parliamentary elections, the Democratic Party won the elections and became the majority by winning 34 seats out of 76 seat in the Parliament. Party Leader Norovyn Altankhuyag became the prime minister. It formed a coalition government with the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party with majority seats at the government Cabinet belonging to the Democratic Party.

2013 presidential election

[edit]
Main article: 2013 Mongolian presidential election
2013 presidential election result: Provinces and Ulaanbaatar districts won by Elbegdorj (blue), Bat-Erdene (red). Darker shades represent a majority (more than half), lighter shades represent pluralities.

The Democratic Party's National Policy Committee held its convention on 7 May 2013 and decided to re-nominate Elbegdorj as a presidential candidate with 100% votes.[44] And the Congress of Democratic Party, with 7,000 participants in Ulaanbaatar plus participants in all provincial centers connected via live internet video conference voted 100% for Elbegdorj's nomination from the Democratic Party for the 2013 presidential election on 8 May 2013.[45] Civil Will-Green Party and Mongolian National Democratic Party – which have seats at both the parliament and the government cabinet – endorsed Elbegdorj's presidential candidacy.[46] The Republican Party and the Motherland Party expressed their full support for Elbegdorj's candidacy also.[47]

Elbegdorj won the 2013 presidential election on 26 June 2013 with 50.23% of total votes while opposition Mongolian People's Party's candidate Badmaanyambuugiin Bat-Erdene received 41.97%, and Natsagiin Udval, candidate of Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party got 6.5% of total votes.[48][49]

2016 parliamentary elections

[edit]
Main article: 2016 Mongolian legislative election

In the 2016 parliamentary elections, the Democratic Party lost to a landslide victory of the Mongolian People's Party, retaining only 9 of 76 seats in the Great Khural.[50] While they just lost under 2% of the popular vote, a new electoral law passed by the Democratic Party itself when in government to promote two-party politics,[51] together with a 14% rise of the MPP, ended up making them lose 25 of 34 seats.

2017 presidential election

[edit]
Main article: 2017 Mongolian presidential election
Fifth President of Mongolia Khaltmaagiin Battulga

The Democratic Party's candidate Khaltmaagiin Battulga narrowly won the second round of the 2017 presidential election.[52]

2020 parliamentary election

[edit]
Main article: 2020 Mongolian legislative election

In June 2020, DP got only 11 seats of the 76 seats. Ruling MPP won a landslide victory in the election.[53]

2021 presidential election

[edit]
Main article: 2021 Mongolian presidential election

In the 2021 presidential election, DP fell to the third place with only 6.37% of the popular vote and thus lost the presidency. The MPP secured a landslide victory with 72.02% of the popular vote. The social democratic Right Person Electorate Coalition (RPEC) finished second.

In early 2022, DP selected ex-president Khaltmaagiin Battulga as its new chairman, but due to the party's internal division his selection was challenged and Battulga's official filing with the Supreme Court was stalled.[54]

Leaders

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Organisation

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The party is organised on national, provincial, municipal and district levels. Currently, the party has around 30 provincial party associations and 432 grassroots organisations.

  • National Convention (NC): Each provincial association sends delegates to the National Convention, which is held every 4 years.
  • National Policy Committee (NPC): No more than two times a year, NPC is organised and there are 228 members of NCC.

Affiliated organisations

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Democratic Party has the following affiliated groups and organisations.

  • Democratic Youth Union
  • Democratic Women's Union
  • Democratic Elders' Union

Electoral history

[edit]

Presidential elections

[edit]
Election Party candidate Votes % Result
2001 Radnaasümbereliin Gonchigdorj 365,363 37.2% Lost Red XN
2005 Mendsaikhany Enkhsaikhan 184,743 20.20% Lost Red XN
2009 Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj 562,718 51.21% Elected Green tickY
2013 622,794 50.23% Elected Green tickY
2017 Khaltmaagiin Battulga 611,226 50.61% Elected Green tickY
2021 Sodnomzunduin Erdene 72,394 6.38% Lost Red XN

State Great Khural elections

[edit]
Election Party leader Votes % Seats +/– Position Government
2004 Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj 474,977 44.74%
34 / 76
 Increase 32 Increase 2nd Governing coalition
2008 701,641 40.43%
28 / 76
 Decrease 6 Steady 2nd Governing coalition
2012 Norovyn Altankhuyag 399,194 35.32%
34 / 76
 Increase 6 Increase 1st Governing coalition
2016 Zandaakhüügiin Enkhbold 467,341 33.55%
9 / 76
 Decrease 25 Decrease 2nd Opposition
2020 Sodnomzunduin Erdene 978,890 24.49%
11 / 76
 Increase 2 Steady 2nd Opposition
2024 Luvsannyamyn Gantömör 438,506 30.13%
42 / 126
 Increase 31 2nd Coalition government (2024–2025)
Opposition (since 2025)

Notes

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  1. ^ In English, the party can be called both the Democratic Party and the Democratic Party of Mongolia. The official name of the party in Mongolian is Democratic Party[7]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Ардчилсан нам: Намын тухай".
  2. ^ Uribe Burcher, Catalina; Casal Bértoa, Fernando (15 November 2018). Political Finance in Mongolia: Assessment and Recommendations (PDF) (Report). International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance; Open Society Forum. p. 13. doi:10.31752/idea.2018.68. ISBN 978-91-7671-217-7. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
  3. ^ "Үзэл Баримтлал". Archived from the original on 10 May 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  4. ^ Artemy Magun, ed. (2020). The Future of the State: Philosophy and Politics. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 221. ISBN 9781786614841. ... In Mongolia after the election of the liberal Democratic Party in 2012, Lenin's statue in front of the ...
  5. ^ Julia Bader (2015). China's Foreign Relations and the Survival of Autocracies. Routledge. p. 88.
  6. ^ "Mongolia: Khaltmaa Battulga wins election on nationalist platform". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2018. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  7. ^ "Үндсэн дүрэм". Ардчилсан Нам. 23 December 2020. Retrieved 3 June 2025.
  8. ^ Chris Kaplonski: Mongolia: Political Parties Archived 6 February 2007 at the Wayback Machine (Retrieved 29 January 2007)
  9. ^ "Ex-Communists Lose In Mongolia Election". The New York Times. Reuters. Archived from the original on 26 May 2015. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
  10. ^ "Монголын ардчилал ба АН-ын "түүхэн замнал"". sonin.mn (in Mongolian). Retrieved 1 September 2025.
  11. ^ Schafferer, Christian (31 December 2004). "The 2004 parliamentary election in Mongolia: Big surprises and small victories". Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia. 3 (2): 1–6. doi:10.17477/jcea.2004.3.2.001. ISSN 2383-9449.
  12. ^ "Түүхэн товчоо". iznn.mn (in Mongolian). Retrieved 6 September 2025.
  13. ^ Luke Distelhorst: Ts. Elbegdorj Mongolia's New Democratic Party Leader Archived 10 May 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Mongolia-Web, 1 April 2006
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  15. ^ "Mongolia Democratic Party Confident of Victory After Voting". Bloomberg.com. 2 July 2012. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
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  28. ^ "Ардчилсан намын даргын сонгуульд нэр дэвшигчдийн олон нийтийн санал асуулгыг Одонгийн Цогтгэрэл тэргүүлжээ". zindaa.mn (in Mongolian). 27 March 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2025.
  29. ^ "АН нэгдэж чадалгүй ЕРӨНХИЙЛӨГЧИЙН СОНГУУЛИЙГ өнжих үү!". zindaa.mn (in Mongolian). 28 April 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2025.
  30. ^ Г., Номин (1 May 2021). "О.Цогтгэрэл даргатай АН-аас УИХ-ын гишүүн Н.Алтанхуягийг Ерөнхийлөгчийн сонгуульд нэр дэвшүүлэхээр болжээ". ikon.mn (in Mongolian). Retrieved 9 September 2025.
  31. ^ Г., Номин (1 May 2021). "М.Тулгат даргатай АН-аас Ерөнхийлөгчийн сонгуульд өрсөлдөх нэр дэвшигчээр С.Эрдэнэ тодорчээ". ikon.mn (in Mongolian). Retrieved 9 September 2025.
  32. ^ А. Намуун (8 May 2021). "Ерөнхийлөгчийн сонгуульд нэр дэвшигчдийн үнэмлэхийг тавдугаар сарын 24-нд олгож, нийтэд мэдээлнэ". ikon.mn (in Mongolian). Retrieved 9 May 2021.
  33. ^ Т., Саран (5 May 2021). "ФОТО: Нэр дэвшигчээ бүртгэхийг шаардаж, өлсгөлөн зарлаж буй АН-ын гишүүд". ikon.mn (in Mongolian). Retrieved 9 September 2025.
  34. ^ П, Зоригт (19 January 2023). "Ардчилсан Намын даргаар БСШУ-ны сайд асан Лу.Гантөмөрийг сонгохоор дэмжив". ikon.mn (in Mongolian). Retrieved 21 September 2025.
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  36. ^ B, Ooluun (8 July 2024). "Leaders of Three Parties in Parliament Sign Memorandum to Cooperate in 2024-2028". MONTSAME News Agency. Retrieved 22 September 2025.
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  38. ^ Adiya, Amar (3 September 2025). "Mongolia's Democratic Party Names Pragmatic Chief". Mongolia Weekly. Retrieved 21 September 2025.
  39. ^ "Presidential election May, 2009". Business-Mongolia.com. 4 April 2009. Archived from the original on 6 October 2011. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
  40. ^ Schrapel, Thomas (2009). "Report on the Presidential elections in Mongolia on May 24, 2009" (PDF). Auslandsinformationen. Vol. 5–6. Berlin. pp. 169–173. ISSN 0177-7521. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
  41. ^ "Mongolia Profile". BBC News. 3 November 2011. Archived from the original on 20 August 2012. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
  42. ^ Enkhbayar, Roland-Holst, Sugiyarto, Shagdar, David and Guntur (September 2010). "Mongolia's investment priorities from a national development perspective" (PDF). berkeley.edu. p. 9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 April 2012. Retrieved 25 June 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  43. ^ "Mongolia's new president sworn in". euronews.com. 18 June 2009. Archived from the original on 25 April 2013. Retrieved 25 June 2013.
  44. ^ "Democratic Party's National consultative committee's 42nd convention supports Elbegdorj's candidacy 100%". Odriin sonin (Daily News) (in Mongolian). 7 May 2013. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
  45. ^ B., Mandakh (8 May 2013). "Congress of Democratic Party taken place". news.mn (in Mongolian). Archived from the original on 6 June 2013. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
  46. ^ E, Dari (27 May 2013). "The unique features of the 6th Presidential Election of Mongolia". UB Post. Ulaanbaatar. Archived from the original on 8 June 2013. Retrieved 21 June 2013.
  47. ^ "Motherland Party and Republican Party are to support Ts.Elbegdorj". vip76.mn (in Mongolian). 29 May 2013. Archived from the original on 24 June 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
  48. ^ D., Tsetseg (27 June 2013). "It is announced that Ts.Elbegdorj won by preliminary result". shuud.mn (in Mongolian). Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 27 June 2013.
  49. ^ "Incumbent Mongolian president wins 2nd term on pro-Western, anti-graft platform". The Washington Post. Washington. 27 June 2013. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
  50. ^ "Mongolian opposition wins landslide, voters fed up with hard times". Reuters. 30 June 2016. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 27 August 2016.
  51. ^ Mongolia's new election rules handicap smaller parties, clear way for two-horse race Archived 1 July 2016 at the Wayback Machine Reuters, 20 May 2016
  52. ^ "Mongolia Just Chose a New President. What Now?".
  53. ^ "Analysis | Here's how an unpopular ruling party swept Mongolia's June elections". The Washington Post. 7 July 2020. Archived from the original on 18 January 2021.
  54. ^ Adiya, Amar (25 May 2022). "What You Need To Know About Mongolia and What's On the Horizon in H2 2022". Mongolia Weekly. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
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