Work extraction and thermodynamics for individual quantum systems

@article{Skrzypczyk2013WorkEA,
  title={Work extraction and thermodynamics for individual quantum systems},
  author={Paul Skrzypczyk and Anthony J. Short and Sandu Popescu},
  journal={Nature Communications},
  year={2013},
  volume={5},
  url={https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:205326939}
}
It is proved that the second law of thermodynamics holds in this framework, and a simple protocol is given to extract the optimal amount of work from the system, equal to its change in free energy.
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